PREPARED BY DIPANKAR

WHO
DARES
WINS
WASTE AND GARBAGE
MANAGEMENT
MARPOL ANNEXE V . .
WASTE AND GARBAGE MANAGEMENT

• PLASTIC BOTTLES.
• ABANDONED FISHIING NETS KILL THOUSANDS
OF SEALS
• SEAGULLS DIE DUE TO CONSUMPTION OF
PLASTIC THROWN OVER THE SHIPS SIDE.
• EMPTY DRINKS CAN, EMPTY
SYRINGES.MEDICINES, DUNNAGE,
PYROTECHNICS
 WASTE AND GARBAGE MANAGEMENT
• GARBAGE GENERATED AT SEA BY SHIPS MAIN CONTRIBUTOR
TO MARINE REFUSE.
• EACH SEAFARER GENERATES AROUND 4 KG OF GARBAGE
EVERYDAY.
• AVERAGE CARGO SHIP =80 TONS/YEAR.
• ANNEXE V WEF 01 JULY1997 FOR NEW SHIPS AND 1 JULY
1998 FOR ALL OTHER SHIPS. 400GRT AND ABOVE AND ALL
SHIPS WITH MORE THAN 15 PERSONS.
• NEED TO IMPLEMENT A PLANNED GARBAGE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM. MAINTAIN A GARBAGE RECORD BOOK AS PART ITS
SMS.
WASTE AND GARBAGE MANAGEMENT

. PROHIBITS THE DISCHARGE OF PLASTICS INTO

SEA
RESTRICTS DISCHARGE OF OTHER GARBAGE
INTO COASTAL AREAS.
SPECIAL AREAS: GULF, RED,MED,BALTIC,NORTH
WIDER CARRIBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO,
ANTARTIC REGION. BLACK SEA.
 WASTE AND GARBAGE MANAGEMENT
• DISCHARGE PROVISIONS: ENETERED INTO FORCE ON
01 JAN 2013.
• RESIDUES AND ADDITIVES: MUST NOT BE HARMFUL TO
THE MARINE ENV.
• SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: DISCHARGE RESDIDUES AND
ADDITIVES MAY BE ALLOWED IF
• 1.THE PORT OF DEP AND DEST IS WITHIN THE SPECIAL
AREA
• 2. NO ADEQUATE PORT FACILITY IS AVAILABLE AT
EITHER PLACE.
 WASTE AND GARBAGE MANAGEMENT
• DISCHARGE CRITERIA:
• 1. SHIPS WITHIN SPECIAL AREAS
• 2. SHIPS OUTSIDE SPECIAL AREAS
• 3. OFF SHORE PLATFORMS AND SHIPS WITHIN 500M OF
THE PLATFORMS.
• 1. FOOD WASTE COMMUNITED OR GROUNDED- SHIPS
OUTSIDE SP AREAS DISCH PERMITTED BEYOND 3 NM OF
NEAREST COAST. AND SHIP IS ENROUTE.
• SHIPS WITHIN SP. AREAS. PERMITTED IF DISTANCE FROM
COAST IS 12NM OR MORE AND V/L IS ENROUTE.
WASTE AND GARBAGE MANAGEMENT

• FOOD WASTE NOT COMMUNITED

• 1. OUT SP AREAS DISCH IS PERMITTED 12NM
FROM LAND AND IS ENROUTE
• 2.IN SP AREAS . DISCH PROHIBITED.
• DISCHARGE OF ALL OTHER WASTES
IN/OUTSIDE SPECIAL AREAS IS PROHIBITED.
• MIXED GARBAGE STRINGENT REGULATION
WILL APPLY.
 WASTE AND GARBAGE MANAGEMENT
• ANNEXE V:
• REVISED IN 2013. 01 Jan.
• NO GARBAGE CAN NOW BE DISPOSED AT SEA.
• GARBAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN: All ships to have a GBMP
which will list the procedures required for collection
,storage and discharge of Garbage .
• Garbage processing to be done to reduce its volume .
• Done by compaction separation or incineration.
• Cargo residues also to be discharged ashore.
• Garbage record book to be filled up by a responsible officer.
 MARPOL
• Annexe VII- Ballast water
• Annexe VIII- Antifouling paints
• Annexe- IX- Noise pollution
• Annexe- X- Vibration.
 MARPOL - PROBLEM
• Annexe VI : Prevention of Air Pollution from
ships. World atmosphere is getting worse due to
use of fossil fuels,charcoal, fire wood ,coal and
petroleum products.
• Acid rain ,photo chemical smoke, ozone depletion
in the upper atmosphere causes skin cancer.
• Increased ozone at ground level increases
diseases like Asthama.
• WE CANNOT AFFORD TO POLLUTE ANY FURTHER.
 MARPOL - PROBLEM
• Pollutants from ships
• Nox- From the fuel burning engines and poor incineration
• Sox- From the fuel burning engines and poor incineration
• VOC’s- Released during loading/discharging of Petroleum products
• Freons and Halons. Accidental venting of freons or Halons from
ship;s refrigeration systems.
• Other Toxic gases
• Sox and Nox are a by product of fuel combustion in the Engine. In
the atmosphere they combine with Hydrogen to for HNO3 and
H2SO4. This causes acid rain.
• Freon and Halons destroy the upper Ozone layer.
 MARPOL - PROBLEM
• Ships contribute 14%of the Nox and 16 % of
the SOX to the world atmosphere. In ports and
areas of heavy shipping activity the
concentration can be greater.
 MARPOL - SOLUTION
• Marpol Annexe VI introduced since 19 May 2005 by signatory
nations of the MARPOL convention.
• Applies to all ships irrespective of size
• Certification is mandatory for all qualifying ships. Restricts the
emissions by all IC engines
• Nox technical code defines the Nox levels that are allowed and
how they can be demonstrated on board.
• Sox is controlled by limiting the sulphur content of Bunker
fuels.SECA (Sulphur EmissionControl Areas) are introduced
where more stringent rules apply. incinerator use will be
controlled, Tanker vapour emission system will be standardised.
 MARPOL - SOLUTION
• Procedures for disposal of gases in the use of refrigeration
and fire fighting laid down.
• Annexe VI will be certified and monitored by the Flag state.
• Certificate : IAPP : International Air Pollution Certificate.
Renewed every 5 years. Annual survey and PSC inspections
also required to maintain the validity.
• Nox applies to all Diesel engines laid after 01 Jan 2000.
• having capacity of 130KW or more. Engine to have EIAPP
certificate issued by the manufacturer. Excludes Engines
used only for emergency purposes.
 MARPOL - SOLUTION
• Nox technical code details the means of calculating and
limiting the Nox emissions. The code must be approved
by the Flag state.
• SOX : Controlled by introducing a 4.5% cap on sulphur
content of all fuels.
• In certain SECA the Sulphur content is reduced to 1.5% .
Baltic sea, north sea and English channel are SECA.
• Ships transiting in and out of SECA need to carry either
LSFO or both HFO and LSFO . Need to switch over in
SECA. Switch over is to be logged down.
 MARPOL - SOLUTION
• Sample of fuel received must be retained on board for a period of at
least one year.
• Incinerators: Installed after 01 JAN 2000 must be Type approved.
Operators manual is required on board and all operators must receive
training in the use of the incinerator.
• PCB not to be incinerated.as waste contains heavy metals.
• VOC’s : The release by ships during loading/discharging is regulated in
ports. To control this VEC systems are allowed to be fitted. A list of such
ports is maintained by IMO.
• Ozone depleting Compounds.: Freons and Halons are prohibited.
Systems using Hydro Chloro Fluro carbons are permitted to be installed
until 01 Jan 2020. No release to atmosphere is permitted. Shore facility
to be used.
 MARPOL
Annexe I : Discharge Criteria
Mach Spaces:
1. Outside special area:
Ship to be enroute
Oil to be processed through oil filtering equipment
Oil effluent should not exceed 15ppm
Oily mixture not to originate from cargo pump rooms
Oily mixture is not mixed with oily cargo residues.
Reg 17: Oil record book –I to be maintained for M/C Spaces.
For oil TKrs 150 grt and above and 400grt for others.
 MARPOL
• Discharge Criteria
• Inside Special Areas:
• Ship to be enroute
• Oil to be processed through oil filtering equipment
• Oil effluent should not exceed 15ppm. Automatic stopping device
required if 15 ppm is exceeded .Re-circulation and AV alarm
• Oily mixture not to originate from cargo pump rooms
• Oily mixture is not mixed with oily cargo residues.
• Reg 17: Oil record book –I to be maintained for M/C Spaces. For oil
TKrs 150 grt and above and 400grt for others.
• Oily discharge from any space is prohibited in the antarctic area.
•
 MARPOL
• Annexe I : Discharge Criteria
• CARGO SPACES- Outside special areas
• Oil Tk to be more than 50 nm away from nearest land.
• Ship to be enroute
• Instantaneous rate of discharge should not exceed
30ltr/nm
• Total qty of oil discharge does not exceed 1/30000 of the
total cargo on board including the oil to be discharged.
• The Tker must have an approve ODMCS with recording
device and slop TK arrangement.
 MARPOL
• Annexe I : Discharge Criteria
• CARGO SPACES- Inside special areas
• Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture
from the cargo spaces shall be prohibited in
special areas.
• Special areas for annexe I –Gulf areas, Oman area
of arabian sea, Gulf of Aden,Red sea,Med
sea,Black sea, Baltic sea, NW European waters,
Southern south african waters, Antarctic area.
 MARPOL
• POLAR CODE: Entered into force on 01 Jan
2017.
• Mandatory standards for
• Design and Construction
• Equipment
• Operational
• Training
• Environmental protection.
 MARPOL
• Voyage Planning: All voyage plans must have
updtaed information about the state of the ice in
polar waters.
• Distress and safety communications: In polar waters
the satellites cannot be used for communication .
Hence ships operating in the polar region must have
other means of communication as well.
• Hydrographics Surveys: In polar areas the surveys are
not so accurate. Hence navigation is a challenge in
these areas.
 MARPOL
• Heated wind screens to ensure unimpaired visibility
all through.
• LSA: All L/B to be fully enclosed. Immersion suits to
be available in the cabins and life boats.
• FFA : To be stowed in place where it is warm and
ready for instant use
• Ice build up. . Ice removal equipment should be
available to remove deck ice. Simple axe hammer etc.
•
 MARPOL.
• Polar code has two sections.
• 1. Safety of the ship and personnel.
• All crew to be specially trained and certified.
• 2.Protecting the environment.
• In addition to Marpol annexe the polar code requires all ships to
follow the polar code.
• Discharge of oil is strictly prohibited in the area.
• All tankers must have double hull and double bottom construction
• Strict rules regarding dumping of food waste and animal carcasses.
• Food waste may be discharged overboard under certain special
conditions, otherwise all waste is to brought ashore
 USES OF DUNNAGE
• PROTECTION FROM WATER DAMAGE
• PROTECTION FOR MOISTURE SENSITIVE CARGOES
• AIR CHANNELS TO AID VENTILATION
• PREVENT DAMGE DUE TO CONTACT WITH SHIPS
STRUCTURES OR OTHER CARGO
• AID IN EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF WEIGHT
• AID IN FILLING VOID SPACES FOR UNEVEN
SHAPED CARGOES
 TYPES OF DUNNAGE
• FLOOR DUNNAGE: KEEPS THE CARGO CLEAR
OF THE SHIPS DECK. NEW SHIPS HAVE
PERMANENT GRATINGS MADE OF WOOD OR
ALUMINIUM.
• LATERAL DUNNAGE