RENI DWI AGUSTINA., S.S, M.

M
Life with descriptions…
 Phrase and Clauses

3 Types of phrases and clauses:

1. Noun phrases and clauses
2. Adjectival phrases and clauses
3. Adverbial phrases and clauses

A Phrase is a collection of words that may have nouns or verbs, but it

doesn’t have a subject
- Going into a room - walking along the beach
A clause is a collection of words that has a subject that is actively doing
action .
I hate lazy people - because she broke the vase
When the boys go marching in - Janet is prettier than Miss Universe
 Clauses
Independent Clauses Dependent Clauses
Group of words with Group of words with a
a subject + verb that subject + verb that
can stand on its own. cannot stand on its own.
Example: Example:
I love music. since I was a child
S+V
S+V
The Adjective Clause

A. Describe a noun or a pronoun and is

introduce by the relative pronouns
 B. Is one type of subordinate clause
C. Acts like an adjective.
D. Will modify a noun or pronoun.
E. Will always follow that noun or pronoun
Adjective Clauses

Relative pronouns
– introduce an adjective clause.
– Who, whom, whose, that, which

– NOTE: Sometimes a relative pronoun is

preceded by a preposition that is part of the
adjective clause.
• Have you read the book on which the movie is
based?
 Adjective Clauses

Relative Pronouns – who, whom, whose refer

to people

– Who ~ The man who sold me the car left town.

– Whom ~ The man for whom I work is kind.
– Whose ~ The man whose car was stolen is angry.
– NOTE: When to use WHO/WHOM:
– (Who is subject of the clause; whom is NOT the subject of the clause –
there is already a subject)
 Adjective Clauses

Relative Pronouns – which, that refer

to things & animals

– Which ~ Math, which is my favorite subject, was

cancelled.
– That ~ The animal that ate my mom’s salad died.
Adjective Clauses

To modify a place or a time, an adjective

clause may be introduced by when or
where. When used to introduce adjective
clauses, these words are called relative
adverbs.
– The house where I grew up has been destroyed.

– Did I tell you about the time when my husband was

sprayed by a skunk?
Adjective Clauses

REMEMBER: Adjective clauses are

dependent clauses. If you take them out of
the sentence, you must have a complete
sentence left.
Commas with Adjective Clauses

When the adjective clause tells which one, it

cannot be taken out of the sentence without
changing the meaning of the sentence.
(essential= no commas)
A clause beginning with that is usually essential.
Clauses that add information that is not needed
to understand the basic meaning are
nonessential. USE COMMAS!
Adjective Clauses – Where are they?

The actors who perform in commercials

receive good pay.

At the zoo we saw some animals that were

ferocious.

Mark Twain, who was an American writer,

died a poor man.
 Adjective Clauses –Where are they?

1. The theatre where we saw the movie burned to

the ground.

2. Is this the student whose quick action saved

Mrs. Bell?

3. Maria, whom I knew from college, just stopped

by to visit.
 Adjective Clauses – Where are they?

1. Spring, which happens to be my favorite

season, is a great time of year.

2. The boy who ate that plant just died.

3. Simon, whom we know ate that plant, just

died.
 Adjective Clauses – which one is
WRONG!!!!

1. Who is at the door?

2. Where is your homework for English?
3. The man who the school just hired is Mr.
Mixon.
4. The girl that sat next to me fell asleep.
5. I did my homework when I got home from
school.
6. A metaphor is when you compare two things.
Using the various kinds of clauses can give
variety to your sentences.
Longer description sentences can be used for this
purpose.
Thank you !!!