Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction to Research
“I keep six honest serving men, (they taught me
all I knew), their names are
what, and why, and when, and how,
and where and who.”
--Rudyard Kipling
3
NATURE AND
CHARACTERISTICS
OF RESEARCH
Meaning of Research
Research is a scientific investigation
of phenomena, which includes
collection, presentation, analysis and
interpretation of facts that link man’s
speculations with reality.
Research is the continuous
discovery and exploration of the
unknown, an investigation of new
facts leading to the discovery of
new ideas, new methods or
improvement.
Research is a systematic study
or investigation of something
for the purpose of answering
questions posed by the
researcher.
Research is searching for a
theory, testing for a theory
and for solving a problem.
Research is a systematic,
controlled, empirical and critical
investigation of hypothetical
propositions about the presumed
relation among the natural
phenomena.
Importance of Research
Prudence
Healthy Criticism
Intellectual Honesty
Qualities of a Good Researcher
R- esearcher oriented
E- fficient
S- cientific
E- ffective
A- ctive
R- esourceful
C- reative
H- onest
E- conomical
R- eligious
Characteristics of Research
Historical Research
Research which is the accumulation
of facts in relation to a particular time
sequence to determine whether or what
certain events in history actually
happened.
Descriptive Research
It includes all studies that purport to
present facts concerning the nature and
status of anything. It is concerned with
condition of relationships that exist,
practices that prevail, beliefs and processes
that are going-on, felt influences and
developing trends.
Experimental Method
It is a problem-solving approach
of research that describes what will
be when certain variables are
carefully controlled or manipulated.
It is the technique of discovering
information by means of
experimentation.
Ex Post Facto Research
Research which investigates a
problem by studying the variables in
retrospect. The dependent variable
is immediately observable and the
main concern is to find out the
antecedents that give rise to this
consequence.
The Research Process
Problem/Objective
Assumption
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Hypothesis
Research Design
Data Collection