METHODS OF

RESEARCH

Prepared by:
ENGR. JIMMY CARTERB. NILO, RECE
Associate Professor I
 Meaning of Research

Research is a scientific investigation

of phenomena, which includes
collection, presentation, analysis and
interpretation of facts that link man’s
speculations with reality. (Calmorin)
Research is the continuous
discovery and exploration of the
unknown, an investigation of new
facts leading to the discovery of
new ideas, new methods or
improvement.
( Sanches )
Research is a systematic study
or investigation of something
for the purpose of answering
questions posed by the
researcher. ( Parel )
Research is searching for a theory,
testing for a theory and for solving
a problem. (Sevilla)
Research is a systematic,
controlled, empirical and critical
investigation of hypothetical
propositions about the presumed
relation among the natural
phenomena. (Kerlinger)
 Importance of Research

Research is a vehicle for

mobility, a contribution
towards the attainment of
national goals.
Research explains an
issue or controversy.
Research advances human
knowledge and satisfies
curiosity.
Research improves
instruction and student
achievements.
 Research improves quality of
life.
 Research satisfies man’s
needs.
Research reduces the
burden of work
Research has deep-seated
psychological aspect.
 Objectives of Research
 to seek new knowledge and
answer specific question
 provide useful information in
the form of verifiable data
Characteristics of a Researcher
Intellectual Curiosity

Prudence

Healthy Criticism

Intellectual Honesty
Qualities of a Good Researcher
R- esearcher oriented
E- fficient
S- cientific

E- ffective
A- ctive
R- esourceful
C- reative
H- onest
E- conomical
R- eligious
 Characteristics of Research

 Empirical.
Research is based on direct
experience and observation of the
researcher.
 Logical.
Scientific investigation is done in
an orderly manner.
 Cyclical.
Research starts with a problem
and ends with a problem.
 Analytical.
Research utilizes proven
analytical procedures
 Replicable.
The research design can be
replicated for validation of
results.
 Critical.
Research exhibits careful and
precise judgements.
 Types of Research
According to Use
 Pure Research
It is also called “basic research” or
“fundamental research” that aims to discover
basic truth and principles intended to add to
the body of scientific knowledge
 Applied Research
It involves seeking new
applications of scientific
knowledge to the solution of a
problem.
 Action Research
It is a decision-oriented research
involving the application of the
steps of scientific method in
response to immediate need to
improve existing practices.
 According to Venue
• Library Research
Research done in the library
where answer to specific questions or
problems of the study are available.
• Field Research
Research is conducted in a
natural setting where no
changes are made in the
environment.
• Laboratory Research
Research is conducted in
artificial or controlled
conditions by isolating the study
in rigorously specified and
operationalized area.
• The purposes are: 1. To test
hypothesis derived from a theory,
2. To control variance under
research conditions, 3. To discover
the relations between the
dependent and independent
variables.
 According to Type of Data
Quantitative Research
Research that utilizes numerical
method of measuring or ascertaining the
variable. It uses an objective method of
measuring the variable and data are
treated using statistical tools.
Qualitative Research
Research that do not utilize numerical data
but instead data are presented through elaborate
word descriptions of what is observed.
Interpretation and analysis relies on the
researcher’s personal judgement and critical
analysis of the event, condition, or behavior
observed under investigations. This is usually
utilized with case studies.
According to Procedure
and Techniques
Historical Research
Research which is the accumulation of
facts in relation to a particular time sequence
to determine whether or what certain events
in history actually happened.
Descriptive Research
It includes all studies that purport to
present facts concerning the nature and status of
anything. It is concerned with condition of
relationships that exist, practices that prevail,
beliefs and processes that are going-on, felt
influences and developing trends.
Experimental Method
It is a problem-solving approach of
research that describes what will be when
certain variables are carefully controlled
or manipulated. It is the technique of
discovering information by means of
experimentation.
Ex Post Facto Research
Research which investigates a
problem by studying the variables in
retrospect. The dependent variable is
immediately observable and the main
concern is to find out the antecedents that
give rise to this consequence.
 The Research Process
Problem/Objective

Assumption

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Hypothesis

Review of Related Literature

Research Design

Data Collection

Data Processing and statistical Treatment

Analysis and Interpretation

Summary, Conclusion and

Recommendation
Thank You
for Listening
Class

August 2018