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Clase 2 Reproduccion Bio 122
Clase 2 Reproduccion Bio 122
Clase 2 Reproduccion Bio 122
Fragmentación
REPRODUCCIÓN SEXUAL
REPRODUCCIÓN SEXUAL
Haplodiploidia
Por qué los animales que se reproducen sexualmente son más numerosos que
los que lo hacen asexualmente?
Población unisexual
son hembras.
Sólo la mitad de la
población bisexual
son hembras
Al cabo de tres años
la población de
lagartos unisexuales
es más del doble
que la de los
bisexuales
The Origin and
Maturation of Germ
Cells
somatic cells,
germ cells, which form the
gametes: eggs and sperm.
the primordial
germ cells, are set aside at the
beginning of embryonic
development, usually in the
endoderm, and migrate to the
gonads. Here they develop into
eggs and sperm—nothing else.
Migración de las células germinales
From the yolk sac the primordial germ cells migrate through the region of the hindgut into
the genital ridges
Cresta
genital: tejido
a partir del
que se forman
las gónadas
In human embryos, the migration is complete by the end of the fifth week of
gestation.
Determinación del sexo
Figure 07.06
Figure 07.07
Figure 07.08
Figure 07.09
Modelos de reproducción
Ovovívíparo
Ovíparos
Estructura de los órganos
reproductores de invertebrados
Órganos primarios: gónadas
Órganos accesorios: ayudan a
gónadas
Sistema reproductor de insecto
Sistema urogenital de rana
Humano
Rata
Figure 07.13
Procesos endocrinos que
controlan la
reproducción
Ciclo estral: mayoría de mamíferos,
hembra solo es receptiva durante
breves periodos: estro o celo
ciclo menstrual : primates:
receptividad a lo largo de todo el
ciclo y hay desprendimiento del
endometrio
Los ovarios producen: estrógenos y
progesterona
ESTROGENOS: desarrollo de
estructuras sexuales secundarias,
estimula la actividad reproductora
de la hembra y caracteres sexuales
secundarias
LH y FSH son gonadotropinas
controladas por la hipófisis
ESTEROIDES GENITALES
Figure 07.co
HCG: Gonadotropiba coriónica
humana
The multiple roles of progesterone and estrogen in normal human pregnancy. After implantation of an embryo in the
uterus, the trophoblast (the future embryo and placenta) secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which maintains
the corpus luteum until the placenta, at about the seventh week of pregnancy, begins producing the sex hormones
progesterone and estrogen.
Hormone levels released from the corpus luteum and placenta during pregnancy. The
width of the arrows suggests the relative amounts of hormone released; hCG (human
chorionic gonadotropin) is produced solely by the placenta. Synthesis of progesterone
and estrogen shifts during pregnancy from the corpus luteum to the placenta.
Figure 07.19
Figure 07.19b
Twins. (A), The most common type of monozygotic twinning, with division of the inner cell mass of the
blastocyst resulting in separate amnions but a single chorion and placenta; (B), a rare form of monozygotic
twinning, with complete division of the embryonic disc resulting in two embryos in a single amniotic sac with
a single placenta and chorionic sac; (C), monozygotic twinning with division occurring between the two-cell
and morula stages to produce identical blastocysts, resulting in separate amniotic and chorionic sacs and
either separate (shown) or fused placentas; (D,E), dizygotic twinning, with (D) or without (E) fusion of the
placenta and chorion.