Lesson 3.

Sexual Reproduction in
Animals
 understand the general
1 mechanisms of sexual
Objectives reproduction in animals;
At the end and
of the
lesson, you identify the different
should be 2 forms of sexual
able to: reproduction in animals.
 Learn about It!

Sexual Reproduction
• It involves male and female
parents to produce offspring
through the fusion of
gametes (sperm and egg cells)
generated by meiosis.

Butterflies during their

reproduction
 Learn about It!

Sexual Reproduction
• Since sexual reproduction
needs two parents to
produce an offspring, the
combination of genes from
both parents increases the
chances of species
variation.
A butterfly with unique colors
 Learn about It!

Two Stages of Sexual Reproduction

Gametogenesis

• It is the formation of male

and female gametes.

• Types: spermatogenesis
and oogenesis
A representation of egg cell and
sperm cells
 Learn about It!

Gametogenesis
Spermatogenesis

• It is the formation of
sperm cells in males.

• It takes place in the

testes.

Spermatogenesis in the seminiferous

tubules of the testis.
 Learn about It!

Gametogenesis
Oogenesis

• It is the formation
of egg cells in
females.

• It takes place in the

ovaries.
Oogenesis in the ovary
 Learn about It!

Two Stages of Sexual Reproduction

Fertilization

• It is the union of male and

female sex cells.

• Types: external and

internal
A representation of sperm cell
racing to fertilize the egg cell.
 Learn about It!

Fertilization
External Fertilization

• It is the union of egg and

sperm occurs outside the
female reproductive tract.

• This is common among

aquatic animals like Seahorses reproduce through
amphibians and seahorse. external fertilization.
 Learn about It!

Fertilization
Internal Fertilization

• It is the union of egg and sperm occurs within the female

reproductive tract.

• This type is common in most sharks, birds, aquatic reptiles,

and mammals.

• Types: oviparity, ovoviviparity, and viviparity

 Learn about It!

Internal Fertilization
Oviparity

• The eggs are fertilized internally

and receive nourishment through
their yolk.

• Examples: fish and reptiles

A lizard, laying eggs

 Learn about It!

Internal Fertilization
Ovoviviparity

• The eggs are fertilized internally, and

they complete their development
within the mother. The zygotes grow
into embryos, which receive their
nourishment through the yolk.

• Examples: some bony and

cartilaginous fishes, most reptiles, Monotremes
some amphibians, all birds, and
monotremes
 Learn about It!

Internal Fertilization
Viviparity

• The eggs are fertilized

internally. The embryos
receive nourishment directly
from the mother’s blood
through the placenta rather
than from the yolk. A developing embryo
 Learn about It!

Post-fertilization
• The fertilized egg undergoes a series of cell divisions
termed as cleavage.

• Cleavage is a series of extremely rapid mitotic divisions

wherein large volume of cellular materials are divided
into multiple smaller cells.
 Learn about It!

Post-fertilization
• A hollow ball of cells termed as the blastula is formed.

• The blastula further differentiates into gastrula that

allows layering of cells in the developing embryo.
 Learn about It!

Post-fertilization

Cleavage formation in developing embryo

Key Points

Sexual reproduction involves the union of male and

1 female gametes.

Sexual reproduction has two main stages:

● Gametogenesis is the formation of the male and
2 female sex cells.
● Fertilization is the union of the male gametes that
forms the zygote.
 Check Your Understanding

Write the word true if the given statement is correct and

false if otherwise.

1. Gametogenesis use meiosis to produce haploid

gametes.
2. Fertilization always requires the presence of sperm and
egg to reproduce sexually.
3. Sperm cells are produced through the process of
spermatogenesis.
4. Egg cells are produced through the process of
oogenesis.
5. Parthenogenesis is a form of sexual reproduction.
 Challenge Yourself

What is the importance

of gametogenesis in
animals?
 Bibliography

Bioninja. “Gametogenesis.” Accessed by May 2019.

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/higher-level/topic-11-animal-physiology/114-sexual-reproductio
n/gametogenesis.html

ByJus Learning App. “Post-fertilization.” Accessed by May 2019.

https://byjus.com/biology/post-fertilization/

Toppr. “Fertilization and Post Fertilization Events in Humans.” Accessed by May 2019.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/human-reproduction/fertilization-and-post-fertiliz
ation-events-in-humans/