How Animals

Reproduce
Earth and Life Science
Learning Objectives

• Describe the different modes of reproduction

• Differentiate asexual reproduction from sexual
reproduction
• Differentiate external fertilization from internal fertilization
• Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of asexual
and sexual reproduction
Reproduction

• It is a biological process
producing offspring that are
biologically or genetically
similar to the parents.
• Ensures the survival of the
species.
• Sexual and Asexual
Sexual
Reproduction

• new organisms are

created, by combining the
genetic information from
two individuals of
different sexes
Sexual
Reproduction

• Gametes – sex cells

that holds the genetic
information of a parent
• Sperm cell – male sex
cells
• Egg cell – female sex
cells
Sexual Reproduction
Types of
Sexual
Reproduction
External Fertilization
• Fertilization that occurs
outside the body of animals.
• Common to Fishes and
Amphibians.
Types of
Sexual
Reproduction
Internal Fertilization
• Fertilization that occurs
inside the body of animals.
• Common to some fishes,
mammals including human
beings, birds and reptiles
Depending on how animals
develop their embryo, animals
can be classified as…
• Oviparous
• Ovoviviparous
• Viviparous
Oviparous
• the fertilized eggs are laid outside
the female’s body and develop
there.
Ovoviviparous
Animals that lay eggs and
develop the eggs inside the
mother’s body.
Viviparous

• Animals that give off to

an offspring.
Asexual
Reproduction

• production of new
individuals from a single
parent
• no fusion of gametes is
involved
Asexual
Reproduction
Different methods
• Budding
• Fission
• Fragmentation
• Regeneration
• Parthenogenesis
 Budding
individuals arise throughout the outgrowths from a parent
 • the separation/division of an organism to
form individuals of approximately same
Fission size
• Amoeba, Plasmodium, Paramecium
Fragmentation
• an animal’s body breaks
into different parts which
later regenerate to form
several individuals
• Sponges, annelids,
cnidarians, planarians
Regeneration
• A body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one
Parthenogenesis
• the egg cell develops
without fertilization
• Bees, wasps, lizards,
sharks
 Short Quiz
Complete the following statements. Write only your
answers on your paper.
 Humans reproduce (1. sexually / asexually). This
happens when the reproductive cells of both sexes,
which are called (2. gene / gamete), are fertilized to
form into (3. embryo / zygote). For humans, the
fertilization occurs (4. inside /
outside) the body of a mother, where the offspring gets
its nutrient from the mother’s blood through the
placenta. This means that humans are (5. oviparous /
viviparous) animals.
 Humans reproduce (1. sexually / asexually). This
happens when the reproductive cells of both sexes,
which are called (2. gene / gamete), are fertilized to
form into (3. embryo / zygote). For humans, the
fertilization occurs (4. inside /
outside) the body of a mother, where the offspring gets
its nutrient from the mother’s blood through the
placenta. This means that humans are (5. oviparous /
viviparous) animals.