Subject : Computer Network

Session 05
IP Addressing
 Learning Outcome

The students will be able to explain and use

addressing scheme.
 Topics

• IP Classes
• Special IP Address
 IP Address
• IP Address
– A logical address used in TCP/IP networking
– Identify a host in the network

• IP Address Characteristics
– An IP address is 32 bits in size
– Unique
– Every IP address is grouped into four 8-bit octets
– Octets are separated by decimal points
– The address space of IPv4 is 232 or 4,294,967,296
 IP Address Assignment
• Network Administrator
– IP addresses are assigned by a network
administrator. They must be assigned according
to an organization’s valid IP address range.

• ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names &

Numbers)
– Central authority on Internet addresses and
names. In order to connect to the Internet, a group
of IP addresses must be obtained via an ISP.
In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five
classes A, B, C, D, and E
Address class in binary
notation
 Finding the address class
The class of the address
137.12.14.87
The first byte is 137 (between 128 and 191)
The class is B

The class of the address:

193.14.56.22
The first byte is 193 (between 192 and 223);
The class is C
 Network Classes
Three Primary Network Classes

– IP Addresses usually belong to one of three network

classes – A, B, or C.
– Network class octets identify the network segment to
which a device is attached.
– Class A
• Network Portion : Octet 1
• Host Portion : Octet 2, 3, and 4
– Class B
• Network Portion : Octet 1 and 2
• Host Portion : Octet 3 and 4
– Class C
• Network Portion : Octet 1, 2, and 3
• Host Portion : Octet 4
 Network Address and
Broadcast Address

• Network Address
– Network address is first address in the network and
it is used for identification network segment
• Broadcast Address
– Broadcast address is the last address in the
network, and it is used for addressing all the nodes
in the network at the same time. It means that IP
packet, where the destination address is broadcast
address, is sent to all nodes of the IP network.
 Network Addresses Range

The network address 220.34.76.0

• Is C because the first byte is between (192 and 223)
• The network portion = 220.34.76.
• The addresses range from 220.34.76.0 to 220.34.76.255
 Network Addresses Range
The network address 132.21.0.0
• Is B because (the first byte is between 128 and 191)
• The network portion = 132.21
• The addresses range from 132.21.0.0 to 132.21.255.255
 Network Addresses Range
The network address 17.0.0.0
• Is class A (the first byte is between 0 and 127)
• The network portion = 17.
• The addresses range from 17.0.0.0 to 17.255.255.255
 Special IP Addresses

Special Functions
Some IP address numbers are reserved for
special functions.

• IP address whose numeric value is the highest

value in the network (host bits all equal to one) is
a broadcast address
• IP addresses with first octet of 127 such as
127.0.0.1 is a loopback IP used to test local
workstation communication
• IP addresses ending in “1” or “254”` are typically
reserved for gateways
 Private Addresses
• A number of blocks in each class are assigned for
private use. They are not recognized globally
• Several techniques exist to hide internal network
IP addresses from outside view
• Within the Class A, B, and C IP address ranges,
IANA has reserved private IP addresses or
address ranges
• Any organization can use these addresses to use
it.
• All connectivity to an Internet host must be
provided by a Network Address Translator
 Private IP Addresses
IANA reserves three ranges of IP addresses for "Private
Internets":
•10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
A single Class A network
•172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
Sixteen continuous Class B Networks
•192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
256 contiguous Class C networks
 DHCP

Table 16.2 Options for DHCP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 44

 DHCP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 45