PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS

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NAME: SWETA BISOYI
REGD.NO-202616100057
BATCH-A2
TOPIC-SPREADING COEFFICIENT
SOLUBILITY
DETERGENCY
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS
HLB SCALE
ADSORPTION AT SOLID INTERFACE
ADSORPTION AT LIQUID INTERFACE
SPREADING CO-EFFICIENT
It is the ability of a liquid to spread over the
another is calculated as spreading co-
efficient
The principle of spreading is important in
pharmacy such as external applications for
absorption of drugs and stabilization of
emulsions .
The value of spreading co-efficient should be
positive or negative or zero.
SOLUBILIZATION
 The process of increasing solubility of organic
compounds in aqueous system due to the
presence of surfactants is called
solubilization.
DIFFERENT METHODS FOR
ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILIZATION
 Use of co solvent (co solvency).- it is to
increase the solubility of electrolytes and
non- electrolytes in water.
 PH CONTROL: The majority of the drugs are
either weak acids or weak bases and
therefore the solubilities in water can be
influenced by the ph of the system .
.In case of weak acids ,increase in ph leads to
increase in ionization hence solubility
increases
 In case of weak bases decrease in ph leads to
increase in solaubilty by increasing ionization
 SURFACTANTS IN SOLUBILIZATION : the surfactants
are amphiphiles having both polar and nonpolar
solvent .
 The surfactants whice increase the solubility in non
polar or polar solutes and solvents are termed as
solubilising agents.
 COMPLEX FORMATION : The solubility of some
substance in a given solvent may be increased or
decreased by incorporation of complex forming
substance .
 SOLID STATE MANIPULATION: The size and shape of
particle have significant effect on solubility
Increase in surface area by decreasing particle size
provides more area for interaction between solvent
and solute causing higher solubilities
DRUG DERIVATISATION: The solubility of drug
increased by changing the chemical structure of
molecules by adding polar groups like carboxylic
acids , ketones and amines
This will increase the solubility by increasing
hydrogen bonding and interaction with water
DETERGENCY
It is the phenomenon in which the dirt or
foreign particles is removed from the
surfaces with the help of surfactants .
They have good wetting properties they act by
reducing adhesion between dirt and the
surface and the dirt is removed
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS
These are the agents which are used to lower
surface tension of liquids it also reduces the
interfacial tension between two liquids
When the surfactants are placed in water the
hydrophillic group dissolves in water and
while hydrophobic group form micelles .
The surfactants which have both polar and
non-polar groups are called amphiphiles .
TYPES OF SURFACTANTS
Anionic surfactants
Cationic surfactants
Non-ionic surfactants
Ampholytic surfactants
HLB SCALE
 HLB SCALE is called as hydrophilic lipophilic
balance.
 The value of 1 to 20 HLB SCALE represent
lipophililc and hydrophilic path.
 HLB value of 1 indicates surfactants is
soluble in oil.
 HLB value of 20 indicates surfactants is
soluble in water.
ADSORPTION AT SOLID
INTERFACE
. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon the
accumulation of gas or liquid to the surface
of solid is called adsorption.
. The material use to adsorb any gas or liquid
is called adsorbant and the surface which is
being adsorb is called adsorbate.
ADSORPTION AT LIQUID
INTERFACE
 When any molecules or ions get dispersed on the
surface or interface of liquid or solid and liquid is
called positive adsorption.
 Here the surface free energy and the surface
tension get decreased.
 In some inorganic electrolytes when they dispersed
in liquid they are actually not partitioned over the
surface hence it results in negative adsorption
 Here in this case the surface free energy and
surface tension get increased.
THANK YOU