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EQUIPMENTS, SWITCHING
SCHMES & LAYOUTS
Switchyard Type
Conventional Air Insulated Type.
Gas Insulated type.
Outdoor Gas Insulated type.
Selection of Bus Switching Scheme
PRE-REQUISITES
1)System security
2)Operational flexibility
3)Simplicity of protection arrangements
4)Ability to limit short circuit levels (ease of
sectionalizing)
5)Maintenance – Its effect on system
security
6)Ease of extension
7)Total land area
8)cost
DESIGN GUIDELINES CONTD…
OPTIONS/ALTERNATIVES
2) Comparison of Schemes
a) Sectionalized main bus with transfer bus
(Scheme-I)
4) Clearance.
i) phase to earth clearance
ii) phase to phase clearance
iii) section clearance
iv) ground clearance
TABLE I: INSULATION LEVELS & CLEARANCE
REQUIREMENTS AT DIFFERENT VOLTAGE LEVELS
INSULATION LEVELS HIGHEST MINIMUM CLEARANCE GROUND SECTION HEIGHT
NOMINA SYSTEM CLEARA AL OF
VOLTAGE NCE CLEARA SUPPOR
L (MM) NCE TS (mm)
LIGHTNING SWITCHING POWER KV BETWEEN BETWE
SYSTEM IMPULSE SURGE FREQUEN (MM)
PHASE EN
VOLTAG LEVEL LEVEL CY
AND PHASES
(kVp) (kVp) IMPULSE
E LEVEL EARTH (MM)
KV (kVrms) (MM)
7) Equipment Interconnection
9) Connection Level
MOCB.
ABCB.
SF6
Capacitance.
Voltage Ratio.
No. Of Cores.
Accuracy.
Output Burden
Rated Secondary Voltage
Lightning Arrestor ( IEC 60099)
Gap Type / Gapless Type.
Voltage Rating.
Energy Capability.
Monitoring.
Location.
Nominal Discharge Current.
Post Insulators
Voltage Rating.
Cantilever Strength.
Fixing Details.
Wave Trap (IEC 60353)
Rated Inductance(0.5/1.0 mH).
Rated current.
Band Width.
Coupling (Phase to Phase).
SWITCHYARD AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
CONTROL ROOM
HVAC FOR CONTROL ROOM
A RELIABLE 415V AC SUPPLY ( LT SWGR)
220 V & 48 V DC SUPPLY( BATTERY &
BATTERY CHARGER)
POWER & CONTROL CABLE
LIGHTING ( Yard lighting & indoor lighting of
control room)
Other items-Clamps, connectors , Insulator strings ,
BMK etc.
COMPARASON BETWEEN AIS AND GIS SUBSTATION
FOOTPRINT FOR HECTOR
192
400kV AIS
400kV GIS
69 ~10%
Trfr 1 Trfr 2 Trfr 3 Trfr 4 SVC Trfrs
275kV GIS
275kV AIS
INDOOR GIS
OUTDOOR GIS - SEISMIC AREAS
PHASE SPACING
Conductor
Phase Spacing
OVERHEAD STRUNG BUSBARS
SAG DUE TO CONDUCTOR
Lc
T fs
9,81.mi
fs = 9,81.mi.Lc2
8.T
Attraction Repulsion
M M M
TUBULAR BUSBAR EXPANSION CLAMP
TUBE
F S
TRANSFORMER FIRE AT MINERVA
Upgradation of transmission voltage
from 400kV AC to 765kV AC.
Presently the highest AC Transmission voltage is 400kV only.
NTPC is fully geared up for implementing next AC voltage of
765kV.
Advantages:
Step up from generation voltage to 765kV.
High Capacity Transmission to the order of 2500MW per line
with lower right of way requirement.
765kV Transmission system is techno economically better
option whenever power transmission system requires multi
point tapping at various location for catering the load
requirement of high growth area.
765kV system offers low transmission losses, resulting in
higher utilisation of generating capacity and optimises the
resource required for capacity addition.
765kV Major Parameters