Starter

The heart is a muscle and it’s own blood supply

comes from the coronary arteries.

A diet high in Low Density Lipoproteins LDL’s

clogs up these arteries. This is known as
Coronary Heart Disease

Describe the impact of diet on the cardiovascular system (3)

..........................................................
The
. . cardiovascular
. . . . . . . . . . . .system
. . . . . includes
. . . . . . .the
. . .heart
. . . . .and
. . .blood
. . . .. vessels.
. . . . . . A. .diet
. . . high
. . . .in. .LDLS,
for example, fatty meats and butter, can clog up the blood vessels and cause
..........................................................
coronary heart disease. This means the heart would have to work unnecessarily
. . . . .and
harder . . .it. would
. . . . also restrict blood flow to the heart, therefore it would not be
as efficient.
What is the cardiovascular system

The heart and blood

vessels

The more efficient the CV

system the better
performance as more oxygen
can be delivered to the
muscles
 Key words
• Heart Rate (HR) – beats per minute

• Stroke Volume (SV)– amount of blood leaving the heart

each beat (more forceful contraction increases SV)

• Cardiac Output CO (1 min) = HR X SV

• Systolic Blood Pressure – the pressure on the artery

walls when blood is being pumped out of the heart
 Immediate changes to CV system when
exercising
• Increase in heart rate
• Increase in stroke volume
• Increase in systolic blood pressure
Benefits of these changes
• Increased oxygen delivery and removal of
Carbon dioxide
• Increased blood flow
Long term changes to CV system after
regular exercise
• * Increase in size and strength of heart
• **Increase in maximum stroke volume
• **Increase in maximum cardiac output
• ***Lower resting heart rate
• ****Faster return to resting heart rate
• Increase in capillarisation
• Increase in red blood cells
Benefits of these changes
• In general most changes lead to Increased
oxygen delivery and removal of Carbon dioxide
Outcomes to specific changes
• * Reduces chance of CHD
• ** Increases blood flow, therefore more 02
• *** You can work harder before reaching
MHR (where fatigue would occur)
• **** You can repeat high intensity work
more quickly
 Exercise causes an increase in demand on the cardiovascular system.
Explain one benefit of these immediate changes to a performer (3marks)

 Describe
One benefit is increased heart rate. The benefit of this is
one benefit
increased oxygen delivery to the muscles. This would increase
 Explain the
performance benefit
because to performer
a performer would be able to work at a
 Explain
higher intensity
theforoutcome
longer periods
onofperformance
time
 Identify and explain two long term benefits of regular training on the
cardiovascular system (3marks)

 Describe
Increased one
size and long of
strength term
heartbenefit
which reduces the chance
of coronary heart disease. Increased production of red blood
 Explain
cells, how
therefore this benefits
increased increase ofperformer
oxygen that can be

carried
Repeatin the blood.
 One long term adaptation of regular participation in physical activity is
capillarisation. Explain the benefit of an increase in capillarisation to a
hockey player (3marks)

 Describe
Increase what capillarisation
in capillarisation is. blood vessels in
means more small
the muscles. This means more oxygen can be delivered to the
 Explain how the benefit
muscles. Hockey is mostly an aerobic activity, therefore this

willGive
help an
theexample
hockey playerof how
meet this would benefit
the demands a
of the game
hockey player in a game