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Semiconductor:: Material Having Both Properties of Conductors & Insulators Their Outermost Shell Are Partially Filled

Semiconductors have properties of both conductors and insulators. Their outermost electron shells are partially filled, allowing conduction at higher temperatures when electrons are excited. Common semiconductors include silicon and germanium. Silicon is preferred over germanium for electronic devices because its valence electrons exist in the third electron shell rather than the fourth, making it more stable when energy is provided. The energy gap refers to the difference between a material's valence and conduction bands, while the Fermi energy level corresponds to the center of gravity of holes and electrons in a semiconductor.

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53 views6 pages

Semiconductor:: Material Having Both Properties of Conductors & Insulators Their Outermost Shell Are Partially Filled

Semiconductors have properties of both conductors and insulators. Their outermost electron shells are partially filled, allowing conduction at higher temperatures when electrons are excited. Common semiconductors include silicon and germanium. Silicon is preferred over germanium for electronic devices because its valence electrons exist in the third electron shell rather than the fourth, making it more stable when energy is provided. The energy gap refers to the difference between a material's valence and conduction bands, while the Fermi energy level corresponds to the center of gravity of holes and electrons in a semiconductor.

Uploaded by

shayan zafar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SEMICONDUCTOR:

MATERIAL HAVING BOTH PROPERTIES


OF CONDUCTORS & INSULATORS.
THEIR OUTERMOST SHELL ARE
PARTIALLY FILLED.
EXAMPLES:
GERMINIUM , SILICON
WHEN SEMICONDUCTOR
BEHAVE LIKE A CODUCTOR ?
SEMICONDUCTORS BEHAVE LIKE A
CONDUCTOR WHEN WE INCREASE THE
TEMPERATURE BECAUSE BY PROVIDNG
ENERGY ELECTRONS GET EXCITED THUS
CONDUCTION TAKE PLACE.
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
SEMICONDUCTORS BEHAVE LIKE
INSULATOR.
SILICON:
THE TYPE OF SEMICONDUCTOR HAVING
ATOMIC NUMBER 14.
ITS OUTERMOST SHELL CONTAINS 4
ELECTRONS.
WHY SILICON IS MOSTLY USED INSTEAD OF
GERMINIUM??
BECAUSE ATOMIC NUMBER OF GERMINIUM
IS 32 WHILE SILICON IS14 SO VALENCE
ELECTRONS OF GERMINIUM EXIST IN 4TH
SHELL WHILE THAT OF SILICON IS
IN 3RD SHELL.
BY PROVIDING ENERGY GERMINIUM
DESTABLIZE BECAUSE HOLD OF NUCLEUS
ON ELECTRONS IS VERY LESS AS
COMPARED TO SILICON .THE ELECTRONS
EXCITED THUS THE DEVICE WIL NOT
WORK PROPERLY.
ENERGY GAP:
THE DIFFERENCE OF ENERGY BETWEEN
THE VALENCE BAND & CONDUCTION
BAND.
Eg= Ev- Ec
FERMI ENERGY LEVEL:
THE ENERGY CORRESPOND TO THE
CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF HOLES &
ELECTRONS.

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