3 CATEGORIES OF MATERIALS -energy gap 1eV= separate valence band and conduction band, = energy

needed to apply on electrons from valence band to reach conduction band.

1. CONDUCTOR MATERIALS- electron flow easily.
2. INSULATOR- hinders flow of electrons from atom to atom SAMPLES= 1.)silicon 2.)germanium 3.) Galluim Arsenide 4.) Gallium Phospide
3. SEMICONDUCTOR- lies between conductor and insulator 5. Cadmium Sulfide
-can conduct electricity if applied with heat,
voltage or current. ( 1.diodes 2. Transistors 3. IC)
GOOD CONDUCTOR FAIR CONDUCTOR INSULATOR
1. Aluminum Silicon cotton
2. Copper carbon glass
CONDUCTORS
3. Gold human body paper
-discover STEPHEN GRAY (Dec 1666- Feb- 7, 1736) – Eng dyer/ astronomer 4. Nickel Humid air plastic
5. Platinum Nichrome porcelain
SAMPLES= 1.) Gold 2.) Silver 3.)Steel 4.)Copper 5.)Aluminum 6.)Brass
6. Silver Salty water rubber
7. Tungsten Water (pure)
INSULATOR
2 TYPES SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
-oppose current due to LACK of FREE ELECTRON
1. INTRINSIC (Pure semicon) 2. EXTRINSIC
-use protectors (heat protector) a. Silicon b. germanium - impurity atom being doped to
c. gallium arsenide pure semicon mats
-use sound proofing room = lessen reflection of sound causing echo = better
Impurity atom= pentavalent= (5
reception sound heard in distance.
valence electrons in outermost
SAMPLES= 1.)Glass 2.)Air 3.)Plastic 4.)Rubber 5.) porcelain 6.) wood. selves)
Arsenic/antimony/ phosphorous
-impurity atom added to pure
SEMICONDUCTOR semicon -silicon = N-TYPE
(DONOR)
-(FARADAY)- 1st person observe semiconductor effect 1833 -impurity + 3 Valence ->TRIVALENT
Atom doped to silicon = P-TYPE
- F- observe electrical conduction of silver sulfide increased with tempt. =
(ACCEPTOR)
opposite to observation sa conductor mats.
(a,indium b, boron c, aluminum
- Electrical Conduction= lies sa conductivity ng mats. = property of mat P-type + N-type = DIODE
allows flow of electricity. = reciprocal of resistivity.
-SEMICON MATERIALS= material w/c has property lies between conductor,
insulator
-absolute tempt of semicon acts as insulator= mats naga heat= increase in
temp, charge carrier start move from valence band to conduction band