Various

Forms
of
Government
Cruz,Mariane Reilyn
Bernardo,Elisha
Arieze
Comparative
Government and
Politics
 01
MONARCHY
What is a
Monarchy?
● Supreme authority is
vested in the monarch,
who functions as head of
state.
● Divine Right of Kings
Two Basic Types of Monarchs
Hereditary Monarchs
Title is handed down through
bloodlines.
Elective Monarchs
Title is passed down to an
elected official by a small elite group.
Types of
Monarchies Absolute
● The powers of the
monarch are absolute.
Their word is law.
Constitutional
●  Has a written or implied
constitution and central
Absolute Monarchy
VS government body.
Constitutional Monarchy
 Absolute Constitutional
Monarchies Monarchies
• Brunei • Cambodia
• eSwatini • Denmark
• Oman • Japan
• Qatar • Jordan
• Saudi Arabia • Luxembourg
• Vatican City • Malaysia
• United Kingdom
 02
Aristocracy
 What is
Aristocracy?
● Greek “Aristokratia,”
meaning Rule of the
best
● A form of government
that places strength in
the hands of small,
privileged ruling class.
 Origin of Aristocracy
• Begins in the earliest feudal
times
• Through the Middle Ages
• In the 21st Century
 Advantages Disadvantages
• Prevents the rise of a • May not reflect
single dictator general public
• Leadership in the • Lack pf civil liberties
hands of highly • No chance to talented
qualified people members of general
• Efficient public
government
 03
Democracy
What is
Democracy?
● Greek words “Demos”
means People, “Kratos”
means Power
● Governing which
depends on the will of
the people.
 Types of Democracy
• Direct Democracy

• Representative Denocracy

• Liberal Democracy
 Advantages Disadvantages
• Encourages equality • Can encourage mob
• There is more rule
consistency • Ineffective unless
• Encourages centrism voters educate
rather than extremism themselves
• Its structure depends
on the will of the
majority
 04
Republican
Government
 What is a Republic?
● comes from the
Latin res publica, or
public thing
● Supreme power in
the state rests in the
people and their elected
representatives.
 Types of Republic
• Presidential Republic

• Parliamentary Republic

• Semi-Presidential
Republic
Features of a
● Rule of law
Republic
● Sovereignty in the
hands of the people
● Supremacy of ● Universal adult
the constitution suffrage
● Fixed term of ● Fundamental human
office rights
● Periodic election ● Limited powers
 05
Parliamentary
 What is a
Parliamentary? ● Prime Minister and a
President/King/Queen
● A system in which the
● Motion of Confidence
powers of the 
executive and 
legislative branches
are intertwined.
● There are two
executives
Features of Parliament System
• Special constitutional court
• People do not choose a head of
government.
• Team work spirit
• Political collective responsibility
 Advantages Disadvantages
● No separation of
● Ensures continuity
powers
● Reduces workload
● Lack of initiative of
● Less likely to become
the
dictatorial
Parliamentarians
● May drift into
instability
 06
Presidential
What is a Presidential
Government?
● A democratic and
republican
government.
● Head of government
leads the executive
branch
Features of Presidential System
• Separation of powers
• The president is both the head of state
and government
• President appoints secretaries
(ministers)
 Advantages Disadvantages
● Executive-
● Executive stability Legislative
● More limited deadlock
government ● Temporal rigidity
● Greater democracy ● ‘Winner-take-all’
government
 07
Communist
Government
What is a Communist ● “From each according
Government? to his ability, to each
● a type of government in according to his needs.”
which the state owns the
major resources in a
society.
● Communist Manifesto
 North Korea
• Juche – indigenous
ideology of
communism.
• Now under a
totalitarian dictatorship.
Characteristics of
Pure Communist ● Democratic
Ideology Centralism
● Centrally planned
● Collective ownership economy
of the means of ● Elimination of
production income inequality
● Abolition of private ● Repression
property
 Communism In Practice
• Today, only five countries—
China, North Korea, Laos, Cuba,
and Vietnam list Communism as
their
official form of government.
 08
Totalitarian
Government
What is a Totalitarian
Government?
● Is a political system
that prohibits all
opposition parties and
has high degree of
control over private
and public life.
Characteristics of Totalitarian
Government
• Total mass conformity
• Forced to live by ruler’s beliefs
• State-controlled economy
• Strong Military
• Censorship
 Advantages Disadvantages
● Can implement ● Nobody gets to
rapid change refute the leader
● Force change when ● Large police force
necessary and spy network
● Makes all members ● Personal feelings,
of society truly emotions, and
equal thoughts don’t matter
 09
Authoritarian
Government
What is
Authoritarianism?
● A government that
holds power and
makes policies
without concent.
● Oldest type of
government
 Features of Authoritarian
Government
• Absence of record on representative
government.
• Limited political participation.
• Few limits on power.
• An opposition is constrained.
• Controlled media.
 How do
Authoritarian
Governments
Gain Power?
● Force of Arms
● Popular Uprising
● Succession
● Democratic means
 10
Socialism
 What is Socialism? ● “From each according
to his ability, to each
● system under which according to his
economic system is contribution.”
controlled by the
government so as to
ensure welfare and
equal opportunity to the
people.
 Features of Socialism
• Public ownership
• Central Planning
• Equality of income distribution
• Definite objectives
• Freedom of consumption
• Planning and the pricing process
 Advantages Disadvantages
● Loss of consumers’
● Greater economic
sovereignty
efficiency
● No freedom of
● Less income inequality
● No monopolistic occupation
● Malallocation of
practices
● Absence of business resources
● Bureaucratic
fluctuations
Thank You!