Organizational Behavior

Robbins, Judge, and Vohra

14th Edition

Motivation: From Concepts to

Applications

Kelli J. Schutte
William Jewell College
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How Can Jobs be Redesigned?

Job Rotation
• The shifting of an employee from one
task to another with similar skill
requirements.
Job Enrichment
• The expansion of a job by increasing the
degree to which the worker controls the
planning, execution, and evaluation of
the work.

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Strengths of Job Rotation

Helps
Reduces
managers in
scheduling boredom

Increases
Increased understanding
skills of work
contribution

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Job Enrichment – Possible Actions

Combine Tasks

Form Natural Work Units

Establish Client Relations

Expand Jobs Vertically

Open Feedback Channels

E X H I B I T 8-2

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Alternative Work Arrangements
 Flextime
– Flextime allows employees to choose the hours they work
within a defined period of time.
 Job Sharing
– Job sharing allows two or more individuals to split a
traditional 40-hour-a-week job.
 Telecommuting
– Telecommuting allows workers to work from home at least 2
days a week on a computer linked to the employer’s office.

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Social and Physical Context of Work
 Social Context
– Some social characteristics that improve job performance include:
• Interdependence
• Social support
• Interactions with other people outside of work

 Physical Context
– The work context will also affect employee satisfaction
• Work that is hot, loud, and dangerous is less satisfying
• Work that is controlled, relatively quiet, and
safe will be more satisfying

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Employee Involvement
Employee involvement is a participative process
that uses employees’ input to increase their
commitment to the organization’s success.

Examples of Employee Involvement Programs

• Participative Management
• Representative Participation

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Using Rewards to Motivate Employees
 Although pay is not the primary factor driving job
satisfaction, it is a motivator.
– Establish a pay structure
– Variable-pay programs

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Employee Recognition Programs
 Employee rewards need to be intrinsic and extrinsic.
Employee recognition programs are a good method
of intrinsic rewards.
– The rewards can range from a simple thank-you to more
widely publicized formal programs.
– Advantages of recognition programs are that they are
inexpensive and effective.
– Some critics say they can be politically
motivated and if they are perceived to be
applied unfairly, they can cause more
harm
than good.

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 Global Implications
 Job Characteristics and Job Enrichment
– Studies do not yield consistent results about applicability to
other cultures
 Telecommuting
– Most common in the United States
 Variable Pay
– Most believe variable pay systems work best in individualistic
cultures such as the United States.
– Fairness is an important factor
 Flexible Benefits
– Popular in all cultures
 Employee Involvement
– Differ among countries
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