Component of Reading

Ullya Zainura M.Pd

Almuslim University
The 5 Essential Components of Reading
Phonemic
Awareness

Comprehensi
Phonics
on

Vocabulary Fluency
1. Phonemic Awareness
 Phoneme : A phoneme is a speech sound. It is the
smallest unit of language and has no inherent meaning.
According to Yopp, H.K (1992) said that the
Phonemic Awareness is the ability to hear and
manipulate the sounds in spoken word and the
understanding that the spoken words an syllables are
made up of sequences of speech sounds
Examples of phonemes
According to Kame’enui.et.al.,1997 said the word “sun”
has three phonemes: /s/ /u/ /n/, “fish “ /f/ /i/ /sh/ “shut”:
/sh/ /u/ /t/
The Important of Phonemic Awareness
It requires reader to notice how letters represent
sounds.It primes readers to print
It gives readers a way to approach sounding out and
reading new words
It helps readers understand the alphabetic principle
that the letters in words are systematically represented
by sounds
2. Phonics
Brand (2004) says that phonics is one of the
instructions that can help students to understand the
sound of the letter in reading and spelling. This
approch focuses on how the readers’ understanding
about the letters and how to pronounce them correctly
in reading activities
3. Fluency
According to Hunson et.all (2005) Fluency is the ability
to read”like you speak” and it is one of the critical
building blocks of reading because fluency is direcly
related to comprehension.
4. Vocabulary
According to Richard and Renandya (2002) vocabulary
is a core component of language proficiency and
provides much of basic for how well learners
speak,listen,read and write.
5. Comprehension
Based on jeniffer serravallo (2010) states that
comprehension is at the heart of what it means to really
read by thinking and unerstanding and getting at the
meaning behind a text.
According to Young (1982:74) states that
Comprehension focuses on reading instruction,such as:
1. Understaning words and building vocabulary
2. Understanding sentences,sentences structure an syntax
3. Understaning paragraph
Referencess
Brand, M (2004). Word savvy; intergrating vocabulary, spelling and word
study. Portland, ME:Stenhouse
Huson,R.F.H B. Lane an P.C Pullen (2005).Reading fluency assessment an
instruction,what,why,and how.Reading teacher 58(8),pp.702-714
Jennifer S (2010). Teaching reading in small group. USA, Heinemann. P.43
Kame’enui,E.J.,Simmons, . D. C., Baker, S., Chard, D.J., Dickson, S. V., Gun,
B.,Smith,S.B., Sprick,M.,& Lin, S.J (1997). Effeective strategies for teaching
beginning reading. Colombus, OH: Merrill.
Richards,jck C and Willy A Renandya (2002) Methodology in Language
Teaching. New York: Cmbridge University Press.
Yopp, H.K. (1992). Developing Phonemic Awareness in young
children.Reading Teacher,45,9,698-703
Young,Rosalie (1982) Better learning:how to help students of all ages
overcome learning problem and learning disablilities.New jersey: Prentice-
Hall,Inc.