SPEECH

PREPARATION
 Steps in speech preparation

I. Formulate your approach

A. Decide on a general
purpose
B. Decide on a topic area
C. Select a specifi c purpose
II. Anticipate your approach
A. Assess your audience
1. Learn their expected
composition
 2. Estimate their expected
interest, knowledge level and
attitudes towards the chosen
topic as well as their attitudes
towards you.
B. Make adjustments, given the
nature of the expected audience.
1. Adjustments in the initially
selected purpose, topic and
specifi ed purpose
 2. Adjustments that accommodate
the expected physical
environment and socio-historical
context.
III. Focus your approach
A. Outline the body of your
speech.
B. Prepare the introduction and
conclusion
IV. Rehearse!
V. Give it your best eff ort.
VI. Respond to your audience.
I. FORMULATING YOUR
APPROACH
• Every speaker hopes to aff ect
other people through his
speech. How he is to achieve
this depends on what he
decides as the purpose, the
subject matter or topic and the
thesis of his speech.
• You can not speak intelligently
unless you have a purpose doing
so.
• It is not enough to answer that
you are fulfi lling an assignment.
• You have to seek one of the
general purposes of speech: to
inform, to convince, to
stimulate, to entertain, or to
inspire.
• Certain barriers to eff ective speaking
will disappear when you know how to
proceed in answering these
questions:
1. where can I fi nd materials from
which to get subjects for speeches?
2. How can I develop these subjects
into good speeches?
3. How can I create and maintain to
communicate relationships with my
audience in the delivery of these
approaches?
II. Anticipating the Situations
• Factors for a speaker to know
about his audience:
1. age
2. sex
3. race
4. educational level
5. occupation
6. vocational interest
7. socio-economic level
8. political affi liation
9. social organization
10. religious affi liation
11. cultural background
12. geographical background
 Preparing the

INTRODUCTION
and
CONCLUSION
 THE INTRODUCTION
A good introduction seeks to:
1. Establish contact (rapport or
goodwill) between the speaker
and his audience;
2. Catch attention and arouse
interest;
3. State the subject of the speech
and establish the speakers’
point of view.
 Opening Techniques for the
introduction
1. Reference to the subject,
occasion and audience
2. Use of quotations
3. Reference to current events
4. Historical statements
5. Anecdote
6. Startling statements
7. Questions