山东丽村电站技术有限公司

Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

发电厂分类以及火力发电厂生
产过程
Classification of power
plants and production
process of fired power
plants
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

发电厂生产过程简介
Introduction to the plant production process

• 发电厂是把其他形式的能量转化为电能的特殊工厂，
可分为火力发电厂、水力发电厂、原子能发电厂、风
力发电厂、其他，如太阳能、地热、潮汐发电厂等。
• Introduction to power plant production process: Power plant i
s the special factory for other forms of energy into electricity,
and can be divided into fired power plants, hydroelectric pow
er plants, nuclear power plants, wind power plants, others, su
ch as solar, geothermal, tidal power plants.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

火力发电厂主要设备分为锅炉部分、汽轮机部分、电气部
分。生产过程有输煤系统、磨煤制粉系统、风烟系统、汽
水系统、电气系统。电气部分是由发电机、变压器、高低
压配电装置、输电线路及厂用电系统组成。

Fired power plants equipment is divided into the

boiler part, turbine part and electrical part. In
production process there are coal handling system,
coal mill pulverizing system, air and flue gas system,
steam-water system and electrical system. The
electrical part is composed of generator, transformer,
high-low voltage distribution device, and transmission
line and station service electrical system.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

发电机是将机械能转为电能；变压器将发电机输送出的电能的电压升高
或降低；高低压配电装置作用是在正常时用来接受和分配电能，在系统故障
时迅速切断故障部分，恢复正常运行；输电线路向用户输送电能与系统联络
，以保证供电的可靠性；厂用电系统供给发电厂生产用电、照明、机修等的

自用电 。
Generator is used to convert mechanical energy to electrical
energy; transformer is used to increase or reduce the voltage of
electrical energy output by generator; high-low voltage
distribution device is used to accept and distribute electrical
energy, cut off faulty component rapidly when system failure, and
recover the normal operation. Transmission line is used to deliver
the electrical energy for users and contact with system, to ensure
the reliability of power supply; station service electrical system
supply auxiliary power for power plant such as production
electricity, lighting, machine maintenance and so on.
山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

电力系统
The electric power system
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

电力系统基本概念：为了提高供电的可靠性和经济
性，目前广泛地将许多发电厂并连起来运行。各发电厂
、变电所、输电线路、电力用户和热力用户所组成的总
体叫动力系统；电力系统是动力系统的一部分，是指发
电厂电气部分、变电所、输电线路及电力用户。

The basic concept of electric power system: in order to

improve the reliability and economy of electricity supply, at
present many power plants operate parallel. The ensemble of
power plants, substations, transmission lines, power users and
thermal users is called dynamical system. The power system is
part of the dynamical systems, which refers to the electrical
part of the power plants, substations, transmission lines and
power users.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

电气运行的主要任务是保证连续生产的安全运行和经济运行；值班员
任务交接班、抄录表计指示数值、监盘调整、倒闸操作、处理事故、办
理工作票、巡回检查设备、资料的保管、运行日志记录及清扫、交班时
，向接班人员讲解本班设备运行情况、备用设备的定期试验。对值班员
的要求：了解发电厂的生产过程、了解安全规程及运行规程、了解运行
方式、熟悉继电保护、处理分析事故、安全用具及测量仪表的使用。
Main task of Electrical operation is to ensure safe operation and economic
operation of continuous production; attendant task changing-over, record indication
value of meters, monitoring panel and adjustment, switching operation, dealing with
accidents, handling work orders, patrol inspection for equipment, take care of data,
record operation log and clean, explain the equipment operation condition to taking
over staff, periodic testing of backup device. Requirements for attendant: know about
the production process, safety regulation, operation regulation, and operation mode;
be familiar with relay protection, accidents handling and analysis, using of safety
appliance and measuring instruments.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

发电厂电气设备的状态分为运行、热备用、冷备用、检修四种状态。
The state of the power plant electrical equipment can be divided into op
eration, hot standby, cold standby and maintenance.
运行状态：是指电气设备的隔离开关及断路器都在合闸状态且带有电压。
Operation state: refers to isolating switch and circuit breakers of electric
al equipment on the “switch on” state and with the voltage.

热备用状态：是指电气设备具备送电条件和起动条件，断路器一经合闸就转变为运行状
态。

Hot standby state: Refers to Electrical equipment with the transmission conditions and
starting conditions, circuit breaker turn into the operation state after switch on.
电气设备处于热备用状态下，随时有来电的可能性，应视为带电设备。

Electrical equipment is in hot standby state, the possibility of incoming

power at any time, shall be considered as energized equipment.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

冷备用状态：电气设备除断路器在断开位置，隔离开关也在分闸位置。
在此状态下，未履行工作许可手续及未布置安全措施，不允许进行电
气检修工作，但可以进行机械作业。
Cold standby state: for Electrical equipment, except the circuit breaker i
s in the disconnected position. The isolation switch is also in the OFF pos
ition.In this state, fails to perform the work permit procedures and safet
y measures are not arranged, not allowed to conduct electrical repair wo
rk, but the mechanical operation.
检修状态：电气值班员按照《电业安全工作规程》及工作票要求布
置好安全措施。
Maintenance state: Electrical attendant should follow “Working Regula
tion of Power Safety” and safety measures required by work order.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

电气设备的倒闸操作规律就是基于上述四个阶段进行，但检修设
备拆除接地线后，应测量绝缘电阻合格，才能转换为另一状态。
Switching operation rules of electrical equipment is based on the abov
e four stages, but after grounding wire of maintenance equipment is re
moved, should measure the insulation resistance, if qualified then can

change to another state .

将设备由一种状态转变为另一种状态的过程叫倒闸，所进行的操
作叫倒闸操作。
The device change from one state to another state called switching, so
the operation is called a switching operation.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

通过操作隔离开关、断路器以及挂、拆接地线将电气设备从一种状
态转换为另一种状态或使系统改变了运行方式。这种操作就叫倒闸操
作。倒闸操作必须执行操作票制和工作监护制。学习要求对现场的设
备初步了解，进一步熟悉电厂生产过程。
According to operate isolated switch, circuit breakers and assemble
and dismantle the ground wire to change the electrical equipment from
one state to another state or change the operation mode of system.
This operation is called switching operation. The switching operation
must perform the operation order system and operation guardianship
system.Learning requirements: know about on-site equipment
preliminarily and further understand production process of power
plant