Fire hazards

There is 1 Impostor among us

Sergio Carandang
Samonte Labiano
Alvarez Delos Santos
Urboda
 The Crew
Objective: To share knowledge about Fire
Hazards

What is Fire? What are the types of

Fire Hazards?

What is the Fire What causes the

Tetrahedron? different types of Fire
Hazards?
“The passions are like fire, useful
in a thousand ways and
dangerous only in one, through
their excess.”
Christian Nestell Bovee
—Someone Famous
 Table of Contents
Fire Tetrahedron Wildfire

01 ●
●
Components of a Fire
Stages of a Fire 02 ● Types of Wildfire

Fire Hazard Severity Zone Building Fires

03 ● Types of Fire Hazard 04 ●
●
Causes of House Fires
Types of Fire
Severity Zone Extinguisher
● Classes of Fire
 Fun
- Fact!
Oxygen supply influences the color of
the flame. A low-oxygen fire contains
lots of uncombusted fuel particles and
will give off a yellow glow. A high-
oxygen fire burns blue.
 What is Fire?

Crewmates Impostor

Fire is a part of a very rapid, and
usually persistent chemical reaction
called oxidation. Oxidation involves
the combination of oxygen and another
substance.
Fire plays a natural role of effecting
necessary change in ecosystems
around the world.
What is Fire?

Crewmates

it influences the type and population of

flora and fauna in forest where fire is
known to recur. But when fire comes
loose, its destructive side is revealed.
 01
Fire
Tetrahe
dron
 Fire tetrahedron

● It is also called as the Triangle of Combustion.

● It symbolizes the four elements to sustain or to create a fire
● The Triangle of Combustion reflects on the fourth element which is the
chemical chain reaction.
● Combustion becomes self-sustained because the heat given off during
combustion is used again to heat the fuel and maintain the burning.
● If one element is removed, the fire can be extinguished.
 Fire tetrahedron/
triangle of combustion
 Components of a fire
Heat
A heat source is necessary for
ignition to occur and different
materials have different ‘flash
points’ or the lowest temperatures
at which they can ignite.
Fuel
Fuel is probably the hardest
‘side’ of the fire triangle you
can remove, so it is advisable
to ensure that they are
appropriately stored so that
they don’t become a fire
hazard.
 Components of a fire
Oxygen Chemical Reaction

Oxygen is needed to sustain the combustion The Chemical Reaction

reaction since it reacts with the burning fuel to reflects on the Fire
release carbon dioxide and heat. The Tetrahedron itself
atmosphere of the earth consists of 21 percent
oxygen, which means that there’s enough to
trigger a fire as long as the other two
components are present.

.
 Four stages of fire
01 02
Ignition (Incipient) Growth

This is where the heat, Mira

This is whereHQthe structures
oxygen and a fuel source fire load and oxygen are used
combine and have a as fuel for the fire.This is
chemical reaction where a deadly flashover
resulting in fire. occur, wherein firefighters can
be trapped or injured.
 Four stages of fire
03 04
Fully Developed Decay
This is usually the longest
When the growth stage has stage because is
reached its max and all characterized a significant
combustible materials have decrease in oxygen or fuel,
been ignited, a fire is putting an end to the fire.
considered fully developed.
 02
Wildfire
s
 What is a wildfire?
Crewmates
- is any natural or anthropogenic-caused
uncontrolled fire in remote areas where
there is extensive combustible vegetation
and/or organic material like forests,
grasslands, shrublands, brushlands,
scrublands, and peatlands.
Impostor
- Wildfires,if mild, may be beneficial.The heat
smoke, and charred wood produced during forest
fires, for example, play an important role in the
growth and reproduction of certain plant species
and in the sustenance of certain habitats
 What can cause a
wildfire?
● Human activity can cause uncontrollable forest
fires that can obliterate some plant and animal
species.

● Causes of wildfires are either natural or man-

made.
● Wildfires are triggered by the tremendous heat
associated with lightning strikes.
 Types of wildfires
Surface Fire Ground Fire Crown Fire
● These fires move very slowly, but can
● Surface fire burn in dead ● Crown fires burn trees up
become difficult to fully put out,
their entire length to the
or dry vegetation that is especially during prolonged drought,
top. These are the most
lying or growing just such fires can smoulder all winter
intense and dangerous
above the ground. underground and then emerge at the
wildland fires.
Parched grass or fallen surface again in spring.
leaves often fuel surface
fires.
Surface fire
Ground fire
Crown fire
 03
fire
hazard
severity
zones
 Very high
● Areas of steep and mixed topography
and climate, fire weather patterns that
include seasonal extreme weather
conditions of strong winds and dry
fuel moistures: Burn frequency is
typically high, and should be
evidenced by numerous historical
large fires in the area.
● Wildland areas ● Developed urban areas
supporting high-to with dense vegetation
extreme-fire behavior cover (70%) allowing
due to the presence of for frontal flame spread
over much of the area..
flammable growth such
as a dense growth of
shrubs and trees or
forested systems where
crown fire is likely
occuring.
.
● Adjacent nearby wildlands are typically ●
High Hazard zones These areas lie
midway between classic urbanized areas
dominated by homes, roadways, and
low flammability vegetation cover, and
those developed areas where both
surface and crown fuels are dense and
continuous.
High
Developed/urbanized areas with
moderate vegetation cover and more ● Wildland areas supporting
limited non-burnable cover. medium to high fire
Vegetation cover typically ranges behavior and roughly
from 30-50% and is only partially average burn probabilities
fragmented.
 Moderate
● Contributing factors may include a relatively
short active fire season and/or low frequency of
severe fire weather conditions; modest slope;
low incidence of past large and damaging fires;
dominant climax fuel types supporting modest
surface fire regimes with respect to fire intensity
and minimal areas supporting crown fire and
associated firebrand development and reception;
nearby or interspersed areas supporting non-
wildland fuels (agriculture lands, water,
rock/barren) may also be present.
● Developed/urbanized areas with a very high
density of non-burnable surfaces including
roadways, irrigated lawn/parks, and low total
vegetation cover or if closer, only present modest
fire hazards if fire was to spread through these
zones it would either be isolated and contained
due to incidence of firebrands, or resulting from
house-to-house ignitions under the most extreme
weather conditions
Urban/ Non zoned
● Developed areas spatially removed from proximity
to wildland fire areas. Urban centers such as city
centers ranging from 200 ft to 4 ñ way from
wildland zones, where the critical distance allowing
for this classification is dependent on the nature of
the fire hazards in those wildland areas.
 04

Building
fires
 Causes of house fire worldwide
and in the philippines
Cause
Unattended cooking equipment and other household fire sources

Electrical Appliances and wiring problems

Haphazardly stored flammable liquids and other easily combustible materials

Fireworks and firecrackers

Arson
Not all fires are the same. To determine the appropriate extinguisher to fight a fire, one
must first identify the type of fire by identifying the type of materials being burned in the
area. There are many types of fire extinguishers; these look differently and have different
contents. Some fire extinguishers can put out several classes of fire while others can be
dangerous when used for a certain fire class. Once the type of fire has been identified, the
most appropriate type of fire extinguisher can be chosen. Using the incorrect extinguisher
can also allow the fire to start again even if it may appear that the fire was already
extinguished.
 The classes of fire
Class A Class C
- Freely burning, - Energized
combustible materials electrical fire.
such as wood and paper.
Class D
- Mettalic fire
Class B (zirconium and
sodium)
- Flammable liquid
or gas.
Class K
- Cooking Fires
 Types of fire extinguishers and its
Type of fire
extinguisher Use uses
A powder extinguisher sprays a very fine chemical powder composed most
ABC Powder Fire
Extinguisher
commonly of monoammonium phosphate. This acts to blanket the fire and
suffocate it.

Carbon Dioxide Fire The CO2 extinguisher does exactly that – extinguishes CO2. By doing so, it
Extinguisher removes oxygen from the fire, effectively suffocating it of oxygen.

First, the liquid mist it sprays acts to cool the fire. Second, due to the chemical
Wet Chemical Fire reaction of the solution with the cooking medium, a thick soap-like substance
Extinguisher forms, sealing the surface of the liquid to prevent re-ignition.This is used most
likely in kitchen fire.
Types of fire extinguishers and its
Type of fire
Use
uses
extinguisher
The most versatile because this type of extinguisher releases microscopic water
Water Mist Fire
Extinguisher
molecules that fight the fire on a variety of levels.The water particles are drawn
to the fire and, as water always does, acts to cool it, reducing the temperature.

They spray a type of foam that expands when it hits the air and blankets the
fire. This blanket prevents the vapors from rising off the liquid to feed the fire,
Foam Fire Extinguisher
thus starving it of fuel. Also, because the foam is mixed with water, it has a
cooling effect as well. This type of extinguisher is best for liquid fire.
Quiz!
1-3.Types of Wildfire.
4.It is called the Triangle of Combustion
5. It plays a natural role in effecting necsessary changes in the ecosystem.
6. It is any natural or anthropogenic-caused uncontrolled fire in remote areas.
7. It is one class of fire which has flammable gas or liquid.
8. Give one type of Fire Extinguisher.
9. Give one component of a fire.
10. Give one cause of House fire worldwide or in the Philippines.
 THANK
YOU FOR
LISTENIN
G!
 Resources
●
https://www.google.com/amp/s/blog.koorsen.com/what-are-the-different-ty
pes-of-fire-extinguishers-their-uses%3fhs_amp=tru
e

● https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/wildfires/

● https://www.wisesayings.com/fire-quotes/