FIRST AID ON LOSS

OF CONSCIOUSNESS
AND SEIZURE
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit. Morbi et rutrum felis, eget
tristique tortor. Maecenas lobortis mattis
turpis ut hendrerit. Fusce placerat ipsum at
dictum lobortis. Etiam porta nunc sit amet
pellentesque feugiat. Nunc gravida sapien eu
tempor lacinia.
WHAT IS LOSS OF
CONSCIOUSNESS?

Loss of consciousness is a state of partial or

complete unawareness of self and the surrounding
environment or lack of response to sensory stimuli. It
is most often used synonymously with syncope
which is loss of consciousness from which a person
recovers spontaneously, and with coma which is a
deep, prolonged unconsciousness.

2
 WHAT ARE THE
CAUSES OF LOSS OF
CONSCIOUSNESS?

Loss of consciousness can be classified

according to several underlying etiologies:
autonomic (vasovagal, situational and orthostatic
syndromes), respiratory (hypoxia), cardiac (heart
attack and arrhythmias), metabolic (hypoglycemia)
and neurologic (seizures, strokes).

Activity: Have students identify

possible causes of loss of
consciousness based on pictures
being shown.

3
 HOW DO YOU ELICIT RESPONSIVENESS
IN A SEEMINGLY UNCONSCIOUS PERSON?

HOW DO YOU ELICIT RESPONSIVENESS IN

AN ADULT?

First, make sure the scene is safe. Look for anything nearby
that might hurt you as well. Once you have established that the
scene is safe, tap both shoulders of the person and shout “Are
you okay”. If the person does not move, speak, blink or
otherwise react, then he is unresponsive.
4
 HOW DO YOU ELICIT RESPONSIVENESS
IN A SEEMINGLY UNCONSCIOUS PERSON?

HOW DO YOU ELICIT RESPONSIVENESS IN

A CHILD?

First, make sure the scene is safe. Look for anything nearby
that might hurt you as well. Once you have established that the
scene is safe, tap both shoulders of the child and shout “Are you
okay”. If the child does not move, speak, blink or otherwise
react, then he is unresponsive.
5
 HOW DO YOU ELICIT RESPONSIVENESS
IN A SEEMINGLY UNCONSCIOUS PERSON?
HOW DO YOU ELICIT RESPONSIVENESS IN
Activity: Let students demonstrate how to
elicit responsiveness using manikins or
group them into 2 and let them practice
with one another. 
AN INFANT?
An infant is someone who is younger than 1 year. First,
make sure the scene is safe. Look for anything nearby that
might hurt you as well. Once you have established that the
scene is safe, flick the soles or rub the back of the infant and
shout “Baby, are you okay”. If the infant does not move, cry,
blink or otherwise react, then he is unresponsive.
6
For persons who regain WHAT TO DO IF AN UNRESPONSIVE PERSON
consciousness spontaneously or REGAINS CONSCIOUSNESS VERSUS WHAT TO DO
with help:
IN CASE OF PERSISTENT UNRESPONSIVENESS
Position person on their back (if a person
DESPITE STIMULATION.
01 suddenly vomits, let him lay on his side to
prevent aspiration).

02 Loosen clothing around neck and waist.

03 Elevate feet to allow blood to flow to the

brain.

04 Give nothing by mouth.

WHAT TO DO WHEN A
05 Control bleeding if present.

PERSON REGAINS 06 Keep person lying down for at least 10-15 minutes while you call for additional
help.
CONSCIOUSNESS
Once stabilized, transfer to an institution with advanced medical
SPONTANEOUSLY? 07 care if needed. 7
 WHAT TO DO IF AN UNRESPONSIVE PERSON
REGAINS CONSCIOUSNESS VERSUS WHAT TO DO
For persons who have no regain IN CASE OF PERSISTENT UNRESPONSIVENESS
of consciousness despite
stimulation: DESPITE STIMULATION.

Call for help and phone your emergency

01 response number.

Check if the person is breathing by

02 looking for chest rise or chest movement.

If the person is not breathing at all or only “gasping”, be

03 prepared to do CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation).

WHAT TO DO WHEN A
Gasping is not considered regular or normal breathing and
PERSON DOES NOT
REGAIN
04 is usually a sign of cardiac arrest in an unresponsive
person.
CONSCIOUSNESS
DESPITE HELP OR 8
 WHAT IS THE PROPER WAY OF DOING CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)?
- Move clothes out of the way.
- Push down on the chest about 2
- Position your hand: 
inches deep (adults and child), and 1.5
inches deep (infants) delivering 30
compressions at a rate of 100-120 per
minute. Allow chest recoil in between
Adult – Put the heel compressions.
of 1 hand on the Infant – Put 2
lower half of the Child – Put the fingers of 1 hand - Deliver 2 breaths (blow for 1 second
breastbone, then put heel of 1 hand on on the each) after each 30 compressions, making
the heel of the other the lower half of breastbone just sure that there is chest rise.
hand on top of the the breastbone. below the nipple
first hand. line. - Keep giving sets of 30 compressions
and 2 breaths until the person begins to
breathe/move, or until someone with
advanced training arrives and takes over.

Activity: Divide the students into groups and let them 9

practice on manikins if available. 
WHAT IS A SEIZURE, ITS
CAUSES AND SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS?
What is a seizure?
A seizure is a sudden attack
of physical manifestations or
changes in behavior that occur
after an episode of abnormal
electrical activity in the brain. It is
often used interchangeably with
“convulsions”.
What are the symptoms of
seizures?
The causes of seizures include:
• Genetic
• Metabolic – high fever, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia,
hypoglycemia.
• Infection – meningitis, encephalitis
• Traumatic brain injury.
• Strokes/hemorrhages
• Structural – epileptic syndromes. 10
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF SEIZURES?
Seizures may present like the following:

Episodes of sudden loss of Complex motor

tone with or without loss phenomena (bicycling and
of consciousness.  kicking movements).or without los
of consciousness. 
Cyanosis or color change.  Focal twitching of an
extremity or eye. 

Staring Spasms of the muscles

spells (absence seizure).  of the neck, trunk and
extremities.
Automatisms (lip-smacking,
swallowing, chewing). Rolling of eyeballs.

Activity: Have students identify possible causes 11

and the different signs and symptoms of seizures. 
 WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN YOU ARE FACED WITH A
SEIZING PERSON? Activity: Let the students demonstrate
how to properly position a seizing
When you are faced with a seizing person: patient and what to do during the event.

Stay calm and reassure people nearby.  Don't hold the person down or try to stop the
movements. 
Look around for hazards that may harm you and
the person and clear the area.  Check the time again. If a convulsive (shaking)
seizure doesn't stop after 5 minutes or they have
Note the time the seizure starts with a watch.  no recovery from the seizure, call for help and
Cushion their head with something soft if they phone your emergency response number. 
have collapsed to the ground.  continuation….
Cushion their head with something soft if they After the seizure has stopped, put them into the
have collapsed to the ground.  recovery position and check that their breathing is
returning to normal. Gently check their mouth to
Loosen neck ties or anything around the neck that
see that nothing is blocking their airway such as
may make breathing difficult. 
food or false teeth. If their breathing sounds
Turn the person gently unto one side to keep the difficult after the seizure has stopped, call for an
airway clear.  ambulance. 

Don't put anything in their mouth.  Stay with them until they are fully recovered.  12
r mouth. 
THANK
YOU