y EXAMPLE 4.

5 1
C
Given:
 R
No. of slices = 8, b = 1.5 m.
B D c'  10 kPa  '  29 0  18 kN/m 3

H  6m Required: FS for ru = 0 & 0.4.

x
SOLUTION 4.5

From the calculations in Example 4.3, we have:

R = 9.48 m, xD = 11.44 m, =85.90

The width of slice 8 = 11.44 – 7×1.5 = 0.94 m

Equation of the trial circle:
( x  2.5)  ( y  9.15)  R
2 2 2
 2
Differentiating the above equation w.r.t. x,
gives:
dy
2( x  2.5)  2( y  9.15) 0
dx
dy ( x  2.5)
  tan 
dx ( y  9.15)


 3
For each slice average values of y, h and  　 ar
e tabulated below:

 W 
  

Sample calculation for slice 6 is shown below:

Sample calculation: 4

Let x6 be the x coordinate at the mid point of the arc at

slice 6, then:
x6  5  1.5  1.5  8.25 m
2
Substituting to the equation of circle, we get: y 6  1.6 m

Thus:

 (8.25  2.5) 
 6  tan  
1

 (1.6  9.15) 
 37.30
Find h:

For x  x B  9 : h  xi tan  s  y av
For x  x B : h  6  y av
Find the y value at the middle of the base (not arc), yav, by
taking the average value of y at the middle of the base:
y
B

h
H=6 m

y av y iR
 y iL
s
x
xi
xiL
xiR 5
For x6L(x coordinate at the left side of the base):

x6 L  5  1.5  7.5 m  y 6 L 1.06 m

For x6R(x coordinate at the right side of the base):

x6 R  6  1.5  9 m  y 6 R  2.24 m

Therefore
 y 6 av  (1.06  2.24) / 2  1.66 m
1
 h  9  1.66  3.84 m
1.5
Find the weight:
W6  hb  1.0  18  3.84  1.5  1.0  103.68kN

6
Find the FS (Use Eqn. 4.25):
in

  (c' l  W (cos  ru sec  ) tan  ' ) i

FS  i 1
in

 (W sin  )
i 1
i

For uniform c:

R   9.48  85.9

 c' l  c'  l  c' 180
 10 
180
 142.13

142.13  457.11  tan( 29)

For ru = 0: FS   1.85
214.01
142.13  209.55  tan( 29)
For ru = 0.4: FS   1.21
214.01

7
4.6.3.2 Bishop Simplified Method

X1  X 2 x2
Assumption:
E1  E 2 W E2
E1
More accurate than Swedish method. x1
5 to 20% increase in FS T N


F y  W  N cos   T sin   0

c' l sin 
W  ul cos  
N'  FS
sin  tan  '
cos  
FS 8
 1 i n
 c' b  W (1  ru ) tan  ' 
FS  i  n  
i 1  m 
i
 (
i 1
W sin  ) i

sin  tan  '

m  cos  
FS
Nonlinear in FS, thus requires iteration.

9
EXAMPLE 4.6
Re-work Example 4.5 for ru = 0.4 using Bishop’s simplified Method.

m m m

A summary of the computations is tabulated above where three

iterations have been carried out. The initial value for FS was taken
as 1.2. For subsequent iterations, the initial value of FS is that
computed from the previous iteration. The final factor of safety for
the selected trial circle is 1.34.
10
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