Welcome

To
Inplant Traning
presentation
Presented by
Sr. No. Enrollment No. Name

1 1915990081 Pisal Raj

Shridhar(Leader)
2 1915990047 Ghadage Vinayak
Hambirrav
3 1915990080 Bagade Gurunath
Bhagawan
4 1915990044 Sakat Pratik Bhimarao

5 1915990043 Jadhav Dhirajkumar

Anil

Under Guidance of:-

Mrs. R.P.MORE
 INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRY
• Director of industry: Mr. pravin Mohite

• Company name:- APTRON INSTIUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

• Year of established:- JAN 2014.

• This company includes 23 workers/ employees in which 14 male imployees and 9

female imployees are there.

• Owner qualification:- Diploma in electronics, B.E. ELECTRONICS,

M.E.EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND VLSI (appear).

• APTRON TECHNOLOGY is MSME type Company/ industry.

• Industry has Turnover approximate about 87 lack per year.

• Industry Involved in education and industrial product manufacturing and giving

training since last 6 years..
PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOAR
D)
PCB Disigning using OR
CAD Software

 OrCAD Systems Corporation was a software company tha

t made OrCAD, a proprietary software tool suite used pri
marily for electronic design automation (EDA).
 The software is used mainly by electronic design engineer
s and electronic technicians to create electronic schematic
s, perform mixed-signal simulation and electronic prints f
or manufacturing printed circuit boards.
 STEPS FOR PCB DESIGN USING ORCAD SOFTWARE

1. First go to OrCAD software.

2. Then go to file-New project ➪Fonts for Android and iPhone - www.fontskeyboard.com/sharenowFont
s for Android and iPhone - ➪ PCB WizardLocation (browse) ➪ Drive ➪ OK ➪Next ➪ Component
s ➪ Add ➪ Finish.
3. Go to project window (.dsm ) ➪1 schematic one Page 1 ➪ Design ➪ Cache ➪ Library ➪ Outputs.
4. After that go to session log (2nd window). This window denotes that our project is wrong or right.
5. Press P button on keyboard after clicking on schematic, then place port open.
6. Press R button on keyboard for rotating component.
7. Press esc for remove the component.
8. For connector use CON and for multiple connector use CON1, CON2, CON3 and so on. 9. Press I butt
on on keyboard for Zoom IN.
9. Press O button for Zoom OUT.
10. Select place wire on right side of the screen.
11. After that go to Schematic ➪ Page1 ➪ Tools ➪ Design Rule Check(DRC) ➪ Check DRC ➪ Check
hierarchical ➪ Check Connected ➪ OK.
• TYPES OF PCB

1. Single layered PCB

2. Double layered PCB

3. Multi layered PCB

4. Aluminium Baked PCB

5. Copper- invar-Copper PCB

 • Single-layer PCB:-
Single-layer PCB:- Single-layer boards, sometimes called single-sided boards, have compone
nts on one side of the board and a conductor pattern on the opposite side. They have just on
e layer of conductive material, typically copper.
The difference is that they have a layer of conductive metal on both sides of the substrate.
 Double layered PCB:-

Double Sided PCB, also known as two layer PCB

is a type of PCB which has conductive copper
layers on both sides of the board. Simply put,
double sided PCB comes with two sided traces or
paths i.e. Top layer and bottom layer.
Multi layered PCB:

Multilayer PCB is a circuit board that has more than two

layers. Unlike a Double-Sided PCB which only has two
conductive layers of material, all multilayer PCBs must
have at least three layers of conductive material which are
buried in the center of the material.
 
 Aluminium Baked PCB
Aluminum PCBs are printed Circuit Boards which contain a thin
layer of conductive dielectric material. They are also known as
Aluminum Clad, Aluminum base, MCPCB (Metal Clad Printed
Circuit Board), IMS (Insulated Metal Substrate), Thermally
Conductive PCBs etc.
TYPES OF MACHINES USED FOR PCB MANUFACTURING

1.Cutting machine
2.Brushing machine
3.Exposing machine
4.Baking machine
5.Etching machine
6.Drill machine
7.CNC machine
Manufacturing process of PCB :
1) Cutting :

First cut the PCB according to the film. Then brushing and clean it.
2) Exposion :

Use cromolin paper to insert. Take two solutions i.e. synthesizer and PVA and spread these
solutions with the help of squizy. Put PCB for baking at 120 deg for 20 sec. connecting the film
to the board keep it into the explosion machine for 82 sec. Wash and dry it.
3) Tracing:

In these process Blue coloured solution is used along with hardener. Spread it with the help of
squizy.
4) Etching:

After tracking put the PCB in the Etching machine. Set the temperature of machine at 45 deg. In
the etching machine ammonia solution is present. After etching wash the pcb with caustic
solution.
5) Brushing and Drilling :

After the etching, clean PCB through Brushing machine. Then drill the PCB to place the
components.
 6) Masking :-
Masking is nothing but the simple screen printing. Before the masking Explosion process is
done. Then for masking take two solutions i.e. Green colored ink along with hardener in
proportion of 70 -30. Spread it with squizy and bake at 120 deg.

7) Ident and Tinning:-

For Ident Explosion must done. Ident is the labelling of circuit. In these process, white ink is
used along with hardener in proportion 92 -08.
After Ident Tinning process is done. In these process Aluminum rod is used which melts after
heating. For that purpose, the temperature must be above 250 deg. After tinning process our PCB
will be ready
PCB CIRCUIT MADE BY GROUP MEMBERS
 Advantages of PCB’s

 PCBs has a low cost, mass production can be achieved

at a lower cost.
 It is Re-workable.
 Widely available.
 Excellent shelf life.
1)
 This board gives low electronics noise.
 Compact size and saving of wire.
 Inspection time is reduced because PCBs eliminates the
probability of error.
 This board takes less time in assembling a circuit as
compared to the conventional method.
 Disadvantages of PCB’s

 Uneven PCB surfaces finish.

 Not good for fine-pitch.
 It contains lead.
 Thermal shock.
1)
 Solder bridging.
 Not easy to repair once damaged.
 It can be used for a specific circuit.
 We cannot be updated, once printed.
Applications Of PCB’s :

 Medical Devices.
 LEDs.
 Consumer Electronics.
 Industrial Equipment.
 Automotive Components.
 Aerospace Components.
 Maritime Applications.
 Safety and Security Equipment.
 Telecommunications Equipment.
 Military and Defense Applications
Robotics and Automati
on
What is robot?
A robot is the product of the robotics field, where programma
ble machines are built that can assist humans or mimic human
actions. Robots were originally built to handle monotonous tas
ks (like building cars on an assembly line), but have since expa
nded well beyond their initial uses to perform tasks like fighti
ng fires, cleaning homes and assisting with incredibly intricate
surgeries. Each robot has a differing level of autonomy, rangin
g from human-controlled bots that carry out tasks that a huma
n has full control over to fully-autonomous bots that perform t
asks without any external influences.
 Robotics
Robotics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates co
mputer science and engineering. Robotics involves design,
construction, operation, and use of robots. The goal of r
obotics is to design machines that can help and assist hu
mans. Robots can take on any form, but some are made to r
esemble humans in appearance.
Robotics develops machines that can substitute for
humans and replicate human actions. Robots can be used in
many situations for many purposes, but today many are use
d in dangerous environments (including inspection of r
adioactive materials, bomb detection and deactivation),
manufacturing processes, or where humans cannot survive
(e.g. in space, underwater, in high heat, and clean up an
d containment of hazardous materials and radiation).
 Automation

Automation is a term for technology applications where human input

is minimized. This includes business process automation (BPA), IT a
utomation, personal applications such as home automation and more.
Check out the six common automation scenarios. Automation cove
rs applications ranging from a household thermostat controlling a
boiler, to a large industrial control system with tens of thousands of i
nput measurements and output control signals. Automation has also f
ound space in the banking sector. In control complexity, it can range f
rom simple on-off control to multi-variable high-level algorithms.
Sensors used in Robotics
Types of sensors:-
1. Ultrasonic Sensors

2. I.R. Sensors

3. PIR Sensors

4. Light Sensors
 Ultrasonic Sensors
 An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target o ject by emitti
ng ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic
waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound.
 Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting sound waves at a frequency too high for humans to hear.
They then wait for the sound to be reflected back, calculating distance based on the time required
. This is similar to how radar measures the time it takes a radio wave to return after hitting an obj
ect.
 IR Sensors
 IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits the light in order to s
ense some object of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the he
at of an object as well as detects the motion. Usually, in the infrar
ed spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiation
 An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and det
ects infrared radiation in its surrounding environment. ... When an o
bject comes close to the sensor, the infrared light from the LED refl
ects off of the object and is detected by the receiver.
 PIR Sensor
 Passive infrared (PIR) sensors use a pair of pyroelectric sensors
to detect heat energy in the surrounding environment. These two se
nsors sit beside each other, and when the signal differential betw
een the two sensors changes (if a person enters the room, for exam
ple), the sensor will engage
 Light Sensor
 The light sensor is a passive device that converts the light ene
rgy into an electrical signal output. Light sensors are more com
monly known as Photoelectric Devices or Photo Sensors because th
ey convert light energy (photons) into electronic signal (electr
ons). ... The sensor receives the light reflected from the targe
t.
 CONTROLLER

controller is a comparative device that receives an input signal from a

measured process variable, compares this value with that of a
predetermined control point value (set point), and determines the
appropriate amount of output signal required by the final control ele
ment to provide corrective action within a control loop.
An Electronic Controller uses electrical signals and digital algorithms
to
perform its receptive, comparative and corrective functions.
 Types of Controller

1. Arc-Controller
2. PIC microcontrollers
3. 8051 Microcontroller
4. AVR Microcontroller
Arc-Controller
Arc controller is compatible with about any Arduino, or other micro controller.
PIC microcontrollers
Programmable Interface Controllers, are electronic circuits that can be programmed to carry
out a vast range of tasks.

8051 Microcontroller
Intel created 8051 microcontrollers in 1981. It is an 8bit microcontroller. It’s made with 40
pins DIP (Dual inline package), 4kb if ROM storage and 128 bytes of RAM storage, 2 16 bit
timer. It consists of are four parallel 8 bit ports, which are programmable as well as
addressable as per the specification.

AVR Microcontroller
AVR stands for Alf and Vegard's RISC Processor. It was the modified Harvard architecture
machine, where program and data were stored in the separate physical memory system that
appears in different address spaces, but having the ability to browse information things from
program memory victimization particular directions. AVR isn't associate degree signifier
and doesn't symbolize something specially.
GSM TECHNOLOGY
What is GSM? GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Group
Special Mobile), is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI). It was created to describe the protocols for second-
generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones and is now the
default global standard for mobile communications – with over 90% market share,
operating in over 219 countries and territories.
GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most
widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies: TDMA, GSM and
code-division multiple access (CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then
sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time
slot. It operates at either the 900 megahertz (MHZ) or 1,800 MHz frequency band.

GSM, together with other technologies, is part of the evolution of wireless mobile
telecommunications that includes High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD),
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE)
and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service.
Basic Commands for GSM Modem
GSM MODEM :
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem
which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a
subscription to a mobile operator, just like a
mobile phone.
CDMA COMMUNICATION
What is CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access)?

CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) refers to any of several protocols used in second-
generation (2G) and third-generation (3G) wireless communications. As the term implies,
CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single
transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth. The technology is used in
ultra-high-frequency (UHF) cellular phone systems in the 800 megahertz (mhz) and 1.9
gigahertz (ghz) bands.
CDMA employs analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) in combination with spread spectrum
technology. Audio input is first digitized into binary elements. The frequency of the
transmitted signal is then made to vary according to a defined pattern code. This enables the
signal to be intercepted only by a receiver whose frequency response is programmed with the
same code, following along with the transmitter frequency. There are trillions of possible
frequency sequencing codes, which enhances privacy and makes cloning difficult.
What is the difference between GSM and CDMA?

Most people often get caught up in the CDMA vs. Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM) divide when trying to transfer their phones from one cellular network provider to
another. Some carriers' phones are designed to operate only on their radio network, and they're
incompatible with other networks' cellular communications technologies. This was especially
rife some years back. In recent years, device manufacturers have been designing phones that
users can operate on both CDMA and GSM networks.
GSM and CDMA are multiple-access technologies that enable numerous data connections and
multiple calls on a single radio channel. CDMA cellular systems use a unique code to encode
41

every call's data and then transmit all those calls at once. On the other end, the receivers divide
the combined signal into their individual calls before channeling them to the intended recipient.
GSM transforms every call into digital data, transmits it via a shared channel at a specific time
and then puts each call back together at the other end of the line for the intended recipient.
Which carriers are CDMA? Which are GSM? GSM is available in more than 200 countries.
CDMA is most widely used in the U.S. by carriers such as U.S. Cellular and Verizon. GSM
carriers in the U.S. include T-Mobile and AT&T.
Which is better: CDMA or GSM?
With GSM networks, users can transmit data and make voice calls at
the same time, an impossible feat for CDMA networks. But this is
hardly the reason behind GSM's popularity. A big driver was Europe's
1987 law that required the use of GSM. Another reason was that
GSM resulted from an industry consortium, while CDMA was, for
the most part, owned by Qualcomm, making GSM-powered devices
cheaper to make and use.
CDMA and GSM standards apply only to 2G and 3G connectivity. As
the switch to fourth-generation wireless began in earnest in 2010,
carriers adopted Long-Term Evolution (LTE), the global standard for
4G networks. Consequently, the distinction between CDMA and
GSM is becoming less important as CDMA phones and devices
powered by GSM networks vanish into history. But, for now, 2G and
3G networks still serve as backups for areas with weak 4G LTE
signals.
 What is Zigbee?

Zigbee is a protocol used to link smart devices like lights, plugs, and smart locks to a
home network. You can use this home network as-is with remote controls, like a Tra
dfri remote from IKEA. It won’t be very smart, but everything is connected and you’
ll never have to get up to use a light switch. You can also link your Zigbee network t
o a hub like Homey. Here, Homey serves as a “bridge” to the Internet, offering cloud
tools, apps, and (remote) control from your phone.
Zigbee is similar to, but different from, competing protocols like ZWave, Wi-Fi, and
Bluetooth. They all create relatively secure networks, which you can (mostly) conne
ct to a hub and control with your phone or a desktop app. Zigbee has pros and cons.
The largest differences to you, as a user, are supported devices, with Zigbee offering
more in terms of lights and smart plugs where other protocols support different smart
devices.
 What is Xbee?

XBee devices communicate with each other over the air, sending and receiving wirele
ss messages. The devices only transfer those wireless messages; they cannot manage t
he received or sent data. However, they can communicate with intelligent devices via
the serial interface.
XBee devices transmit data coming from the serial input over the air, and they send a
nything received wirelessly to the serial output. Whether for communication purposes
or simply for configuring the device, a combination of both processes makes XBee co
mmunication possible. In this way, intelligent devices such as microcontrollers or PCs
can control what the XBee device sends and manage incoming wireless messages.
CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCT
V)

Dome Camera:

Dome cameras get their name from their dome-

shaped structure. These security cameras are
designed to withstand all elements, both inside and
outside. Their construction allows for the camera to
work even in low-light or no-light settings due to
the built-in infrared LEDs. All cameras have the
ability to send video signals over the Internet so an
owner can access the footage at any time.
Bullet camera:
 Bullet cameras are named for their d
istinct cylindrical shape, resembling
a bullet. These cameras act as a visi
ble deterrent and research has show
n that the presence of bullet cameras
makes a property less desirable to a
criminal. These security cameras op
erate both indoors and outdoors and
have features such as a small lip on t
he tip of the lens to protect against a
ny glare or other weather. Below are
the main advantages of installing a b
ullet camera.
 C- Mount Camera:

 Coming with detachable lenses, C-mount

cameras allow for simple lens changes to
fit different applications. C-mount camer
as can cover distances beyond 40 ft thank
s to the possibility to use special lenses w
ith these cameras, whereas standard CCT
V lenses can only cover distances of 35-4
0 ft.
 C mount is a type of lens mount commo
nly found on 16 mm movie cameras, clos
ed-circuit television cameras, machine vi
sion cameras and microscope phototubes.
 C-mount lenses provide a male thread, w
hich mates with a female thread on the ca
mera.
 Day- night Camera:

The day/night camera function allows for

automatic adjustments in daylight and low
light surveillance conditions. The cameras
often include an Infrared Cut Removable
Filter, also known as an ICR. The filter is
in place during the day to block infrared
light and capture that clear images. At
night, the filter moves away from the lens
for surveillance in low light. Filter
removal may be controlled through
network operations or set up for automatic
movement according to lighting
conditions. The ICR feature may be built
into day and night cameras which do not
have infrared illuminators, or it can be
combined with infrared LEDs for
surveillance in complete darkness.
 PTZ Camera:

A pan–tilt–zoom camera (PTZ camera) is a

camera that is capable of remote directional
and zoom control. 53

A modern PTZ camera

In television production, PTZ controls are used
with professional video cameras in television
studios, sporting events, and other spaces.
They are commonly referred to as robos, an
abbreviation of robotic camera. These systems
can be remotely controlled by automation
systems.
Discrete Camera :

Discrete cameras are collections of pixels,

photocells, organized as pencils of lines with
unknown topologies. Distinctly from common
cameras, discrete cameras can be formed just
by some sparse, non regular, sets of pixels. 54

Discrete cameras are interesting for robotic

applications due to allowing designs specific to
the tasks at hand [Neumann05], but pose a
challenge right from the calibration point.
RecentRecent research work has shown that
discrete cameras, which can be moved freely
and have a central arrangement of the pixels,
can be calibrated from natural scenes
[Grossmann10]. This MSc project focuses on
building and calibrating a discrete camera.
 Infrared Camera:

An infrared camera (also known as a thermal

imager) detects and measures the infrared
energy of objects. The camera converts that
infrared data into an electronic image that
shows the apparent surface temperature of the
object being measured.
An infrared camera contains an optical system
that focuses infrared energy onto a special
detector chip (sensor array) that contains
thousands of detector pixels arranged in a grid.
Each pixel in the sensor array reacts to the
infrared energy focused on it and produces an
electronic signal. The camera processor takes
the signal from each pixel and applies a
mathematical calculation to it to create a color
map of the apparent temperature of the object
Internet Protocol (IP) Cameras –

What is an IP Camera?
An Internet Protocol Camera, commonly
referred to as an IP camera, is a digital video
camera much like a webcam, which transmits
and receives data over a network or the
internet. Unlike an ordinary webcam it is a
standalone unit with its own IP address that
requires nothing more than a network
connection in order to transfer images. The IP
camera connects to a network in exactly the
same way as any other standard network device
such as a laptop, tablet or printer.

How does an IP Camera Work?

IP cameras capture images in much the same
way as a digital camera, and compress the files
to transmit over the network. IP cameras may
be used with a wired network connected via
ethernet cable to a broadband modem or router,
or wirelessly via a WiFi router.
Components of CCTV

• Blue colour cable- SATA(Serial Access

Transmission Cable).

• Multicolour cable- Power cable.

• Security Cameras

• Processor.

• DVR.

• BNC connector.

• HDMI.

• SMPS.
How to install a CCTV camera and DVR

1. Planning before installing a CCTV camera

2.Mounting the camera

3.Placing the DVR

4.Managing the cables

5.Connecting the wires

Steps to connect the BNC port:

6.Power on the system

Conclusion :-
During this 6 week industrial training in the Aptron Institute of
Technology, we are learn various things Such as various sections
like,
• PCB manufacturing.
• Designing and Tracing of various power supply.
• Robotics and Automation.
• CCTV it’s types, Working, Applications.
• In this industry, 6 weeks are very good experience for us, and also
such a many general learning skills we are practically performed in
the industries.
HAVE A NICE DAY