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[H+][A-]
Ka =
[HA]
weak acid
Ka
strength
15.5
15.5
What is the pH of a 0.5 M HF solution (at 250C)?
[H+][F-]
HF (aq) H+ (aq) + F- (aq) Ka = = 7.1 x 10-4
[HF]
HF (aq) H+ (aq) + F- (aq)
Initial (M) 0.50 0.00 0.00
Change (M) -x +x +x
Equilibrium (M) 0.50 - x x x
x2
Ka = = 7.1 x 10-4 Ka << 1 0.50 – x 0.50
0.50 - x
x2
Ka = 7.1 x 10-4 x2 = 3.55 x 10-4 x = 0.019 M
0.50
[H+] = [F-] = 0.019 M pH = -log [H+] = 1.72
[HF] = 0.50 – x = 0.48 M
15.5
When can I use the approximation?
Ka << 1 0.50 – x 0.50
15.5
What is the pH of a 0.122 M monoprotic acid whose
Ka is 5.7 x 10-4?
HA (aq) H+ (aq) + A- (aq)
Initial (M) 0.122 0.00 0.00
Change (M) -x +x +x
Equilibrium (M) 0.122 - x x x
x2
Ka = = 5.7 x 10-4 Ka << 1 0.122 – x 0.122
0.122 - x
x2
Ka = 5.7 x 10-4 x2 = 6.95 x 10-5 x = 0.0083 M
0.122
15.5
x2
Ka = = 5.7 x 10-4 x2 + 0.00057x – 6.95 x 10-5 = 0
0.122 - x
-b ± b2 – 4ac
ax2 + bx + c =0 x=
2a
x = 0.0081 x = - 0.0081
15.5
Ionized acid concentration at equilibrium
percent ionization = x 100%
Initial concentration of acid
[H+]
Percent ionization = x 100% [HA]0 = initial concentration
[HA]0
15.5
Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constants
[NH4+][OH-]
Kb =
[NH3]
weak base
Kb
strength
15.6
Monoprotic acids
HCl H+ + Cl- Strong electrolyte, strong acid
HNO3 H+ + NO3- Strong electrolyte, strong acid
CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO- Weak electrolyte, weak acid
Diprotic acids
H2SO4 H+ + HSO4- Strong electrolyte, strong acid
HSO4- H+ + SO42- Weak electrolyte, weak acid
Triprotic acids
H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4- Weak electrolyte, weak acid
H2PO4- H+ + HPO42- Weak electrolyte, weak acid
HPO42- H+ + PO43- Weak electrolyte, weak acid
4.3
ION SENAMA
Dapat menjelaskan maksud dan efek dari ion senama terhadap rx kimia
Dapat membuat rumus Henderson-Hasselbalch pada asam-basa konjungasi
Dapat menghitung efek Ion senama terhadap nilai PH
The common ion effect is the shift in equilibrium caused by the
addition of a compound having an ion in common with the
dissolved substance.
Ka [HA]
[H ] =
+
[A-] Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation
[HA]
-log [H+] = -log Ka - log
[A-] [conjugate base]
- pH = pKa + log
-log [H ] = -log Ka + log
+ [A ] [acid]
[HA]
-
pH = pKa + log [A ] pKa = -log Ka
[HA]
Contoh soal 16.1
Raymon Chang bab 16
Larutan Buffer
Dapat menjelaskan komposisi dan fungsi larutan buffer
Dapat menjelaskan mekanisme penstabilan PH pada larutan buffer
Dapat menghitung PH pada larutan Buffer
A buffer solution is a solution of:
1. A weak acid or a weak base and
2. The salt of the weak acid or weak base
Both must be present!
16.3
HCl H+ + Cl-
HCl + CH3COO- CH3COOH + Cl-
16.3
Which of the following are buffer systems? (a)
KH2PO4/H3PO4
(b) NaClO4/HClO4, (c) C5H5N/ C5H5NHCl)
16.3
Contoh soal 16.3