Progam Studi Fisika

Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Universitas Sebelas Maret
Surakarta

Water Cooled Reactor Theory with The Micro-

Physics Simulator
Training Course Series No. 70
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) : Vienna, 2019
Pendahuluan

Darurat iklim adalah salah satu tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi dunia. Perubahan iklim secara luas diakui sebagai
ancaman utama bagi umat manusia dan sebagian besar alam.

DEKARBONASI HINGGA 2050

1,5℃

Meningkatkan kebutuhan
LOW Pembangkit Listrik
listrik dalam sistem
CARBON Tenaga Nuklir
energi masa depan
Water Cooled Reactor Design

● fuel

● coolant

● moderator material
 PRIMER SEKUNDER

High Pressure Liquid Water Both liquid water and steam

Source : IAEA Water Cooled Reactor Theory with The Micro-Physics Simulator

The primary loop consists of the flow path from the reactor vessel, where the reactor core is
located, through piping to steam generators and back to the reactor vessel. Water is heated when
passing through the core in the reactor vessel and cooled in the steam generator. For this reason,
the portion flowing from the reactor vessel, where the coolant water is hottest, to the steam
generator is known as the ‘hot leg’; the portion flowing from the steam generator back to the
reactor vessel is known as the ‘cold leg’.
PRESSURIZER hot leg

water steam

primary loop
Source : IAEA Water Cooled Reactor Theory with The Micro-Physics Simulator

STEAM
boundary
GENERATOR

secondary
loop
 no secondary loop core

PRESSURIZER
Source : IAEA Water Cooled Reactor Theory with The Micro-Physics Simulator

STREAM
Water is boiled as it passes through the core, and through steam separators and dryers
GENERATOR
in the top of the reactor vessel, and steam flows to the turbine generator system where
electricity is generated. Steam is then condensed and returned to the reactor vessel.
BWRs often have recirculation pumps, which force the flow of water over the core.
 The moderator is in a large tank called a calandria, penetrated by
Source : IAEA Water Cooled Reactor Theory with The Micro-Physics Simulator
several hundred horizontal pressure tubes which form channels for
the fuel, cooled by a flow of heavy water under high pressure (about
100 times atmospheric pressure) in the primary cooling circuit,
typically reaching 290°C.
 L
Advanced Gas W Heavy Water Light
Cooled Reactor G Water Reactor
R

Source : IAEA Water Cooled Reactor Theory with The Micro-Physics Simulator
Safety cooling systems primarily focus on :

01 maintaining coolant inventory in the event of leaking

02 providing a heat sink for coolant to transfer heat to

03 providing electrical power to any essential systems (i.e.

generators to power pumps to cool the core)
 MICRO-PHYSICS SIMULATOR LITE
EXERCISES

01 02
Depletion analysis Transient analysis
parameters are presented as a function of core parameters are presented as a function of time and
burnup user defined steps
 Conclusion
Nuclear reactors are complex systems and their successful design and operation
must take account of a large number of dynamic and interrelated parameters.
Understanding how these parameters change, in relation to each other and over
time, is fundamental to understanding reactor operation.