Milestones in Computing: Presented by

Milestones In Computing
Presented by
Mina Ayman Shafeeq 18108565
Abdallah Adel 18108877
Moataz Suleiman 18108963
Mahmoud Ewada 18108711
Ali el Noby
Content
 Computer Generations.
• Zeroth Generation (Mechanical Devices).
• First Generation (Vacuum Tube).
• Second Generation (Transistors).
• Third Generation (Integrated Circuit).
• Fourth Generation (Microprocessors).
 Cash Registers.
 Punched Card.
 Programing Language.
 Time Sharing.
 IBM System/360.
 Famous Computer People.
Mechanical Devices.
Wax tablet Abacus
01
Vacuum Tube Devices.
Examples:
 UNIVAC (Universals Automatic Computer).
 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator).
 EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer).
02
Transistors.
 Semiconductor .
 Replaced Vacuum Tube .
 Handle Amount of data .
 More Energy And Efficient .
03
Integrated Circuit.
 Semiconductor .
 Increased Speed of Computer.
 Uses Keyboard and Monitors.
04
Microprocessor.
 Computer inside a Semiconductor

chip.
 Manage Information and
Instructions.
 Internet Developed.
05
Cash Registers.
is a mechanical or electronic device for registering and calculating
transactions at a point of sale.
Its Important:
 Keeping accurate sales records for department stores.
 Created printed, itemized receipts.
 Maintained printed log of transactions.
06
Punched Card.
are paper cards where holes may be punched by hand or machine to
represent computer data and instructions.
07
Tabulators (Data Processing).
occurs when data is collected and it is important for data processing
to be done correctly as not to negatively affect or data output.
08
Difference Between Punched Card and Data Processing.
Punched Card:
 Receives Input Data.
 Performs one or more Calculation.
 Produced output Data.
Data Processing System (Tabulators):

 Stored Input Data and Intermediate Results.
 Stored Output.
 Stored Programs.
09
Programming Language:
• Assembly Language:
 Symbolic representations of machine instructions.
 Programs just as long as machine language programs.
• FORTRAN:
 First higher-level language (shorter programs).
 Programs just as long as machine language programs.
• COBOL:
 Designed for business applications.
10
Time Sharing Systems.
 Divide computer time among multiple users.

 Users connect to computer via terminals.
 Cost of ownership spread among more people.
 Gave many more people access to computers.
11
IBM System/360.
Before System 360:
 IBM dominated mainframe marked in 1960s.
 IBM computers were incompatible.
 Switch computers → rewrite programs.
System 360:
 Series of 19 computers with varying levels of power.
 All computers could run same programs.
 Upgrade without rewriting programs.
12
Famous Computer Systems.
 John Atanasoff
• Assembled first electronic
computer.
• Came up with the concept of
using
 John van Neumann
binary numbers.
• Suggested that programs and
data could be represented
in
13
a similar way and stored in
the same internal memory.
 Ada Byron/ Lady Lovelace/ Ada

Lovelace
• Considered to be the first programmer.
14
 Thomas Watson Sr.

• President and CEO of IBM who
turned the company into a
highly-effective selling
organization, based largely
around punched card

tabulating machines.
15
 Charles Babbage
• Worked on the Difference
Engine and the Analytical
Engine.
16
 Wilhelm Shickard
• Invented the first known
mechanical calculator,
capable of simple
arithmetic.
17
 Presper Eckert and John

Mauchly
• Inventors of ENIAC.
 Herman Hollerith
• Founder of what would be
IBM
company.
18
 Microsoft Founders
• Bill Gates.
• Paul Allen.
19
 Jack kilby
• Inventor of IC.
• Engineer at Texas Instructions.
20
 Robert Noyce
• Founder of Intel.
• Credited as an Inventor of IC and
it is 20 times Faster and
has larger memory.
21
 Founder of APPSteve Jobs

• Steve Wozniak.
• Steve Jobs
22
Thank You

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Milestones In Computing

Wax tablet Abacus

 Computer inside a Semiconductor

Data Processing System (Tabulators):

 Divide computer time among multiple users.

 Ada Byron/ Lady Lovelace/ Ada

 Thomas Watson Sr.

around punched card

 Presper Eckert and John

 Founder of APPSteve Jobs

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