European Colonization

Unit 2
Topic 2.2

AP U.S. History
 Think About It
► Compare and contrast the colonial
development and characteristics of
Massachusetts/New England colonies,
Middle Colonies, and Virginia/Southern
colonies.
European Colonies
 The Spanish in America
► Royal Colonies
 Council of Indies
 Viceroys
► Spanish wealth and power
resulted from minerals
(gold/silver) and other
commodities
► Relations with Natives
 Catholic Conversion and
Missions
 Pueblo Revolt (1680)
► Labor
 Encomienda System
 Asiento System
► Spanish Caste System
► Spanish minority asserted
control over majority of Native,
African, mixed groups
 New Spain
► Spanish missions established
throughout New Spain
 Initially established by Jesuits
 Franciscans later assumed control
 Presidios
► Spanish Texas
► Las Californias
 Alta California and Baja California
provinces
► New Mexico
 Santa Fe
 Pueblo Revolt (1680)
► Natives suffered under
encomienda system and forced
Catholic conversions
► Pope led the largest successful
Native resistance movement
► Spanish reasserted control in
1692
► Led to decrease of enconmiendas
and increased syncretism of
Catholicism and Native beliefs
 Spanish Florida
► Juan Ponce de Leon
(1513)
► French Florida (1562-
1565)
 French Huguenot
settlement
 Massacre at Matanzas
► Spanish Florida (1565-
1763)
 St. Augustine
► First permanent settlement
in United States
 Spanish missions
 Fierce Native resistance
 The French in America
► Royal Colonies
►New France
► Canada
► Louisiane

► Jesuitsand Catholic
Conversion
► Fur Trade
 Coureurs de Bois (runner
of the woods)
► Native Relations
 Trade Networks
 Alliances
 Intermarriage
 The Dutch in America
► Charters and joint-stock
companies
 Dutch East India Company
 Dutch West India Company
► Henry Hudson (1609) and
Hudson River Valley
settlement
► New Netherland
 New Amsterdam
► Fur trade
 Beaver pelts
► Native relations
 Trade networks
► Algonquian
 Alliances
► Iroquois
 England
► Defeat of Spanish
Armada (1588)
► Population increases
► Joint-stock companies
develop
► Religious conflicts divide
the nation
► Weak monarchs, civil
wars, and revolutions
 The English in America
► Charters and Joint-
Stock Companies
► Population Growth
 Indentured Servants
► Native Relations
 Early Native Assistance
 Animosity and Exclusion “Our fathers had plenty of deer and
► Anglo-Powhatan Wars skins, our plains were full of deer, as
also our woods, and of turkies, and our
► Pequot Wars (1636-
coves full of fish and fowl. But these
1638) English have gotten our land, they with
► King Philip’s War (1675- scythes cut down the grass, and with
axes fell the trees; their cows and
1678) horses eat the grass, and their hogs
spoil our clam banks, and we shall all
be starved.” – Miantonomi,
Narragansett sachem, 1642.
Thirteen Colonies