Child and Adolescent Learner and

Learning

Ms. Ana Joy ACERON

Mr. Grant Harvey ALBERTO
 OUR TEAM

ANA joy aceron Grant harvey alberto

028 352
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

definition Developmental
01 Physical Development 04 milestone
Evaluation of Childs
Development

Context 5 categories of CHILD

02 Growth and Development 05 Development

Concept of
03 development
Normative and Dynamic 06 5 stages of child
Development development
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Types of
07 movement
and their Benefits for
Children

Adolescence
08 Physical Development
 Puberty

Factors
09 Influencing Physical
Development
 Physical development 
 refers to the advancements and refinements of motor skills, or, in other
words, children’s abilities to use and control their bodies.
01
 is one of the many domains of infant and toddler development. It relates to
the growth and skill development of the body, including the brain, muscles,
and senses.

 relates to the growth and skill development of the body, including the brain,
muscles, and senses.

Physical development:
 Growth and
 Development
 What are the two Context?
Growth
Refers to the physical changes of,  the increase in size, height and
weight

development
Is how children gain control over their physical actions to do
complicated and difficult activities more skillfully and easily

 Growth and development are linked because the

02  development  and improvement of physical skills

 depends on the size of the child and their muscular
strength.
 The concept of development includes
two major categories:
03 NORMATIVE development and
DYNAMIC development

Normative development concerns the typical (normal) capabilities, as

well as limitations, of most children of a given age within a given cultural group. It
indicates a typical range of what children can and cannot be expected to do and
learn at a given time.
 
Normative development is important because it allows parents and other
adults to understand what to expect of a child physically at different
ages. For example, expecting a 3-year-old child to zip her own coat
would be unrealistic because she still is developing the physical ability
to use fingers in that way.
 
  
Dynamic development concerns the sequence and physical
changes that occur in all aspects of a child’s functioning with the passage of
time and increasing experience, and how these changes interact.
 
How do you know what a child should be able to do physically?
Typically, we refer to developmental milestones.
 Development
04
al milestone
Indicates the steps in physical ability for a child
that should be reflected at different age
Figure 1. Developmental milestone
5 categories of Child
Development
1. Cognitive This is your child’s ability to use logic and
problem-solving skills, including the skill of thinking about
thinking.
2. Social and Emotional Your child needs to know
how to interact with himself and others in a healthy and
manageable way. You need to make sure that he is able to be
socially aware and an active member of society. 
05
3. Speech and Language Being able to 
communicate is a major developmental skill for every child.
This can include an infant babbling and practicing basic vowel
noises or a grade-schooler using basic vocabulary to create a
fictional story.
4. Fine Motor Skills
5. Gross Motor Skills
4. Gross Motor Skills  5. Fine Motor Skills
(large body or whole body
movement )
Gross motor skills develop first
and it is large body movements.
Infants will need room to crawl,
roll, and play. Toddlers can roll the
ball, jump, run and balance. At
Preschool age catching and
throwing abilities improve, as well
as peddling and steering a
tricycle.  Gross motor skill
continues to refine and improve
beyond age 7. They run faster,
throw harder and build strength.
 
(smaller more
precise movements)
For fine motor skill, allow toddlers
to play and build with blocks, clay,
use a crayon to scribble. As they get
older have them cut with safety
scissors and put puzzles pieces
together so they are able to build
better fine motor skills and improve
hand eye coordination. Children
continue to refine and improve their
fine motor skills and eventually begin
writing letters.
Gross motor skills include skills such as:
• sitting
• standing
• walking
• running
• jumping
• lifting (a spoon, a hairbrush, a barbell — they all count)
• kicking

Yup, these are actually skills.

And then there are the skills that need, well, a little more
skill:
• riding a bike or a horse
• playing sports like football or baseball
• roller blading
• swimming
Your child needs fine motor skills to do
finicky things such as:
• holding a pencil or scissors
• writing
• cutting
• threading beads
• playing with Legos
• buttoning up their coat
The better their fine motor skills are, the easier
they’ll find tasks like drawing and the faster
they’ll be able to do them.
 Five stages of Child
Development
1. Newborn
During the first month of life, newborns exhibit automatic
responses to external stimuli. In other words, a newborn will turn her
06
head toward your hand when you stroke her cheek or grab your finger
when you place it in her hand.
 
2. Infant
Infants develop new abilities quickly in the first year of life. At
three to six months, an infant can control his head movements and
bring his hands together. By six to nine months old, an infant can sit
without support, babble and respond to his name. Between nine and
twelve months old, a baby can pick up objects, crawl and even stand
with support.
 
3. Toddler
As children reach the ages between one and three years, toddlers learn to walk without
help, climb stairs and jump in place. They can hold a crayon, draw a circle, stack one block on
top of another, use short sentences and even follow simple instructions.
 
4. Preschool
Between the ages of three and five years, children refine their motor skills. They can
throw a ball overhand, skip and hop, stand on one foot for ten seconds or longer, dress
themselves, and draw a person with features. Signs of developmental disabilities, such as
cerebral palsy, may appear during this stage of development. 
 
5. School age
School age children are six to 12 years old. They are capable, confident, independent and
responsible. Peer relationships, particularly relationships with friends of the same gender, are
important to school age children. 
TYPES of Movement and Their
Benefits for Children
 

07
The types of physical movement that children engage in
and are important to their physical development include
the following categories:
• Locomotor Movement
• Non locomotor Movement
• Manipulative Movement
 • Locomotor Movement
Movement of the body from place to place is involved in locomotor
movement. Physical abilities such as crawling, walking, hopping,
jumping, running, leaping, galloping and skipping are examples of
locomotor movement. This type of movement helps develop gross-motor
skills.
 
 • Non locomotor Movement
Movement of the body while staying in one place is involved in non locomotor movement.
Physical abilities such as pushing, pulling, twisting, turning, wiggling, Conclusion
Running, jumping, skipping, hopping, drawing, cutting, pasting, stacking – these are
the skills young children develop as they grow physically. They make possible the
interactions and activities that bring richness and enjoyment to anyone’s life. From
muscles to motor skills, the unfolding picture of a child’s physical development is an
exciting experience to observe. Parents and caregivers should pay attention to their
child’s physical growth and give loving support as their children develop these skills.
sitting and rising are examples of non locomotor movement. This type of movement
helps develop balance and coordination skills.
 • Manipulative Movement
Movement that involves controlled use of the hands and feet is
reflected in manipulative movement. Physical abilities such as
grasping, opening and closing hands, waving, throwing and
catching are examples of manipulative movement. This type of
movement helps develop fine-motor skills and hand-eye
coordination.
08 adolescence
Adolescence is a transitional
period between
childhood and adulthood

It is a unique stage of human

development and an important
time for laying the foundations
of good health.
Puberty  is defined as the biological changes of adolescence. By mid-
adolescence, if not sooner, most youngsters’ physiological growth is complete; they
are at or close to their adult height and weight, and are now physically capable of
having babies.
 Adolescents experience rapid physical, cognitive and
psychosocial growth. This affects how they feel, think, make
decisions, and interact with the world around them.

PUBERTY
During puberty, both sexes experience a rapid
increase in height (i.e., growth spurt). For girls
this begins between 8 and 13 years old, with
adult height reached between 10 and 16 years
old. Boys begin their growth spurt slightly later,
usually between 10 and 16 years old, and reach
their adult height between 13 and 17 years old.
Both nature (i.e., genes) and nurture (e.g.,
nutrition, medications, and medical conditions)
can influence height.

from ages 10 to 19
 ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys
Because rates of physical development vary so
widely among teenagers, puberty can be a
source of pride or embarrassment. Early
maturing boys tend to be stronger, taller, and
more athletic than their later maturing peers.
They are usually more popular, confident, and
independent, but they are also at a greater risk
for substance abuse and early sexual activity.
Early maturing girls may be teased or overtly
admired, which can cause them to feel self-
conscious about their developing bodies. These
girls are at a higher risk for depression, substance
abuse, and eating disorders.
Nutrition and Activity
Adolescents may be ready to make decisions about
their body and health. Making healthy decisions about
what to eat and drink, how active they are, and how
much sleep to get are important decisions that can
either promote or hinder health. Unfortunately, many
teens do not make healthy decisions, partly due to the
frontal cortex still developing and partly due to the
culture in which we live.
 09
Factors Influencing
Physical Development
 Heredity
the genes of parents define the physical personality
of the child.
 Environment
Fresh air, sun light, hygienic surroundings help in
good development of a child.
 Balanced diet
Balanced diet gives the necessary nourishment to
the body and helps to keep the child away from disease.
 Daily routine
Daily schedule of sleep, play and eat. Proper timings
should be maintain for all activities.
 Love
Love is a very vital factor influencing a child’s overall
development.
THANKS
!
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