Concepts of Instrumentation

Module: Valves

Source: http://www.redvalve.com/HomePage.html
 Introduction

The following three modules are intended as an

introduction to final control elements and their
applications. The information used in the modules have
been collected from different sources, such as vendors
websites, catalogs and my own collection of books, they
are the true experts. The interested reader will find a
more complete description of the topics exposed by
referring directly to the sources that have been included
as footers and the final reference section. I would like to
thank to all of those who have giving me their comments
in order to improve the present modules. Feel free to
pass them along.
 Valves

Outline

Check valves
Butterfly valves
Pinch valves
Gate valves
Globe valves
Ball valves
Plug valves
Diaphragm valves
 Valves

Check valves

Check valves exist to allow flow

of a liquid, a vapor or a gas in
only one direction. The valve
opens only if there is a sufficient
difference in pressure to
overcome the force exerted by
the spring. When flow becomes
too weak or the difference in
pressure decreases, the valve is
closed again and prevent the
circulation of the fluid in the
opposite direction.
Source: http://www.ayvaz.com.tr/eng/urun.htm
 Valves

Check valves

Source: anchor-darling
 Valves

Check valves

Source: anchor-darling
 Valves

Check valves

Check valves are used

downstream of pumps to
prevent pump damage by
reverse flow, etc

They can cause water

hammer when slamming,
therefore special disk
design must be used

Source: anchor-darling
 Valves

Butterfly valves

The disc diameter that control

the flow is directly parallel to the
flow path of the fluid for
maximum capacity. When the
disc turns, it increases the
resistance of flow of the fluid so
that it is possible to modulate the
flow.

Source: http://www.ayvaz.com.tr/eng/urun.htm
 Valves

Butterfly valves

•Butterfly valves can be used

for throttling, but they are
commonly used for isolation
•They required locking features
to avoid opening by the fluid
•Lighter than globe valves
•Easy to install
•With internal liners, it can be
used to handle chemicals
•Sizes vary from 2 – 24”

Source: automax, flowserve corporation

 Valves

Pinch valves

The principle of operation is very

simple. A flexible but resistant
element is an integral part of
control. One external element
comes to compress the flexible
part of the pipe to decrease the
flow. As the flexible part is closed
again, the resistance of flow of the
fluid increases so that it is
possible to modulate the flow for
control.
This valve has the advantage of no
metal parts are in contact with the
fluid.
Source: http://www.redvalve.com/brochure/sleeve.html
 Valves

Pinch valves
This valve is ideal for very abrasive flows and its lifespan depends
on its use as the graph shows it. The sleeve can be selected
according to application. Certain valves have even electronic
detectors , warning when it is time to change the sleeve.

Source: http://www.redvalve.com/brochure/sleeve.html
 Valves

Pinch valves

The valves with throttling shown on the preceding slides,

used a solid throttle valve. Compressed air or a hydraulic
fluid can also be used to strangle the flexible part of control
as shown it the following figures.

Source: http://www.redvalve.com/brochure/air.html
 Valves

Pinch valves
The valves with throttling shown on this slide use a
solid throttle element but must be operated manually.

Source: http://www.redvalve.com/brochure/manual.html
 Valves

Gate valves

The valve is primarily made up of a

guillotine or a knife disk which
gradually comes to close the flow
path. This type of valve is often
used as isolation valve to make
sure that the fluid will not be able to
pass. An advantage is that the
guillotine is visible outside and it is
known if the valve is really closed.
The closing disk is perpendicular to
the flow path
Source: http://www.redvalve.com/brochure/other.html
 Valves

Gate Valves

Source: anchor-darling
 Valves

Globe Valves
Used for throttling, customized disks can provided
different flow characteristics. They can handle high
pressures; Due to the flow path, it only can be used
with clean fluids. High pressure drop. Sizes vary from ½
- 20”.

Source: anchor-darling
 Valves

Globe Valves
Installation is more difficult due to its weight (for big
sizes). Depending of the installation there are
different valve orientations.

Source: anchor-darling
 Valves

Globe Valves

Source: anchor-darling
 Valves

Ball Valves
Used for throttling, ON-OFF applications, high flow
capacity, low pressure drop when fully open, sizes vary
from ½ - 24”. Opening and closing with ¼ turn. Easy to
know if the valve is opened or closed.

Open

Source: Atomac
 Valves

Ball Valves
Maintenance is very easy, they do not required to be
removed from line. Change of seats take few minutes.

Seat Easy
maintenance,
remove 3 bolts

Source: Worcester Controls

 Valves
Plug Valves
Linear flow through the valve, self cleaning
characteristics, bi directional flow, thigh shut off, used
for isolation applications and throttling, sizes vary from
½ to 18”

Source: Automax
 Valves

Diaphragm Valves
There are some common features in
diaphragm valves such as:

1.In line maintenance

2.Positive bubble tight closure
3.Bonnet isolation
4.No packing glands

This type of valve is excellent when

fugitive emissions is a concern.
Excellent for handling slurries and
corrosive fluids. This design can be
manual or automatically actuated

Source: Tru-Tech Industries

 Valves

Diaphragm Valves

Source: Tru-Tech Industries