The Institute of Science Mumbai

PRESENTATION ON:
NANOCHEMISTRY OF SILICA & POLY DIMETHYL SILOXANE
PRESENTED BY:
SHRADDHA YADAV
 CONTENTS:
 INTRODUCTION
 VARIATION OF OPTICAL & MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES OF NANO MATERIALS WITH:
 SIZE &SHAPE
 SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS
 IMPURITIES
 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION:
 Nanochemistry is the combination
of chemistry and nano science.
 Nanochemistry is associated
with synthesis of building blocks
which are dependent on size,
surface, shape and defect properties.
 Nanochemistry is being used in
chemical materials and physical
science as well as engineering,
biological and medical applications.
PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS:
Nanomaterials have the structural features in between of
those of atoms and the bulk materials. The properties of
materials with nanometer dimensions are significantly different
from those of atoms and bulks materials. This is mainly due to
the nanometer size of the materials which generally have :
(i) large fraction of surface atoms;
(ii) high surface energy;
(iii) spatial confinement;
(iv) reduced imperfections, which do not exist in the
corresponding bulk materials.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOsilica:
 The optical properties of nanosilica and polydimethyl siloxane depend
on parameters such as feature size, shape, surface characteristics, and
other variables including doping and interaction with the surrounding
environment or other nanostructures.
 Likewise, shape can have dramatic influence on optical properties of
metal nanostructures.
 A simple change in size alters the optical properties of the nanoparticles.
 When metal nanoparticles are enlarged, their optical properties change
only slightly as observed for the different samples of silica nanospheres.
However, when an anisotropy is added to the nanoparticle, such as
growth of nanorods, the optical properties of the nanoparticles change
dramatically.
Size effect on optical properties:
 Optical properties of nanomaterials are also
size dependent. Electrons cannot move freely
at the nanoscale and become restricted. The
confinement of the electrons causes them to
react to light differently.
 Example: Gold appears golden at the
macroscale, but the nanosized gold particles
are red. Nanosized zinc oxide particles will not
scatter visible light and bulk zinc oxide particles
used for sun block as they scattered visible
light and appear white. Quantum dots changes
in their optical appearance as the size of the
particles decreases creating different colors.
 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF
NANOMATERIALS:
Even in bulk magnetic materials some structures can be in the
nanoscale:
 Domain walls in a ferromagnet (~60nm for Fe).
 Some domains (especially those in the vicinity of the surface or grain
boundaries), could themselves be nanosized.
 Spin clusters above paramagnetic Curie temperature ( p) could be
nano-sized.
 When we go from bulk to ‘nano’ only the structure sensitive magnetic
properties (like coercivity) is expected to change significantly.
Dependence of magnetic moment on the
dimensions of the system:
 There is a increase in magnetic moment as we decrease the
dimensionality of the system.
 This is indicative of fundamental differences in magnetic
behaviour between nanostructures and bulk materials. This effect
is all the more noteworthy as surface spins are usually not
ordered along the same directions as the spins in the interior of
the material (thus we expect nanocrystals with more surface to
have less atoms than bulk materials- purely based on surface
effect).
 Some of the possibilities when we go
from bulk to nano are:
Ferromagnetic particles become single
domain
 Superparamagnetism in small
ferromagnetic particles (i.e. particles
which are ferromagnetic in bulk)
 Giant Magnetoresistance effect in
hybrids (layered structures)
Antiferromagnetic particles (in bulk)
behaving like ferromagnets etc.
Reduction in size of material leads to:
 Change in domain structure of nano materials
 Change in mechanism of
magnetization(Superparamagnetism)
 Change in property such as Coercivity, Retentivity = 0
References:

 http://pubs.acs.org/cen/nanotechnology/7842/7842instrum
entation.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_nanoparticles
 Nanotechnology: principles and practices by Sulabh
K Kulkarni