Course: Project And Presentation EE18309

Academic Year 2021-22 (Odd Term)

Project Idea Identification
(To be submitted to guide within two weeks of term start)

Part A: Genesis of Project Idea

Project Group No.: 07 Class: TYEE
Name of Guide: Ms. Ashwini Patil Mam
Name of the Projectees: 1- Arduino based underground cable fault detector
2-Solar based irrigation system
3-LPG leakage detector with buzzer

Sr. No. Enrolment No. Name of Student Mobile no. Name of Group Leader

1.  FS19EE023  Harsh Patil  9967075920  

2.  FS19EE059  Sunil Kadam  8108760430

Sunil Kadam
3.  FS19EE044  Bhavesh Gaikwad  8928668201

4.  FS19EE032  Shubham Munge 8657912002

5.  FS19EE036  Shivam Burungale  8291633969

 Project Proposal #01

Arduino based underground cable fault detector

1.Major idea to which project idea belongs :
 Presented Underground Cable Fault Detector Using Arduino uno .
 The main aim of the project is to detect and locate the fault in underground cable .
 In the urban areas, the electrical cable runs in undergrounds instead of overhead lines. Whenever the fault
occur the repairing process becomes difficult. It is very difficult to identify the exact location of the fault in
underground power cable line.
 This project will ensure a shorter response time for technical crew to rectify these faults . Fault occur due
to short circuit fault, low voltage fault , high voltage fault.
 This project is used to detect not only detect short circuit fault but also detect ,low voltage fault, high
voltage fault.
 The proposed technique is used not only for identification but also it is used to send the detail information
about the fault to the authority using Arduino and also it cut the power supply on that particular location
for the security of the people .It also used to display the type of the fault in LCD display.
 Whenever a fault occurs in a cable the relay detect it and send this information to Arduino and Arduino
send this message to LCD which displays the fault, in "F" Letter which indicate fault.
Underground cable installation
2.Type of Project : underground fault detection based on Arduino.
 Machine - underground fault locator device
 Equipment :- Arduino UNO, Relay kit, Jumper wires, Screw driver, Plywood or card boards, Breadboard, Switches.
 Software:- Arduino IDE

3.What is the need of this project :

 Till the last decades, a million miles of cables are threaded in the air across the country. But currently, it is laid in
the underground, which is larger than an earlier method.
 Because, underground cables are not affected by any adverse weather conditions like pollution, heavy rainfall,
snow, and storm, etc. But, when any problem occurs in cable, it is very difficult to find the exact location of the
fault due to not knowing the exact location of the cable.
 Day by day, the world is becoming digitized so the project is proposed to find the location of the fault in a digital
way. When the fault occurs, the process of repairing related to that particular cable is very difficult. The fault of
the cable mainly occurs due to many reasons.
 They are: inconsistent, any defect, weakness of the cable, insulation failure, and breaking of the conductor. (i)
The most common point of discontinuity of supply is at the cable sealing box mostly due to poor workmanship of
cable jointer when end was sealed. (ii) The cable may also get damaged due to vibration fatigue or overheating.
 To overcome this problem, here is a project namely an underground cable fault distance locator, used to find the
location of the fault for underground cable.
Comparison between overhead and underground systems
 Maintenance cost of underground system is very low in comparison with that of overhead system.
 Underground system is free from interruption of service on account of thunderstorm, lightning and objects
falling across the wires.
 In underground system there is no interference to communication circuits.
 Underground system cannot be operated above 66 KV because of insulation difficulties but overhead system
can be designed for operation up to 400 KV or higher even.

4. Principle and working :

 A considerable amount of Transmission and distribution of electric energy, especially in densely populated
urban areas us carried in means of underground cable.
 The underground cable are rugged in construction and provide greater service reliability increased safety,
battery appearance and trouble free service under a variety of environment conditions.
 Underground cables are necessary for supply connection in electric plants , in generating stations,
transmission system and distribution system, utilization plant and so on.
5.Working of proposed project model/ project with diagram :

 In this project we proposed a fault localization model for the underground cable lines with Arduino. The purpose of this
paper is to determine the distance from the base station's underground cable fault in kilometres.
 When a fault occurs in the system the distance located on liquid crystal display (LCD). Until the last decade, cables were
designed to be placed above the head and, at present, there is no underground cable that is higher than the previous
method.
 Adverse weather conditions such as storms, snow, torrential rains and pollution does not affect on underground lines But
when a fault occurs in underground lines it is difficult to locate the fault in underground cable. We will find the exact location
of the fault.
 Now the world has become digitized so, the project is to detect exact location of the fault in digital form. Underground
cabling system is a more common practice in many urban areas. Although the fault occurs for some reason, at that time, the
repair process for this particular cable is difficult because of not knowing the exact location of the cable breakdown.
 Continue

 Arduino Based Underground Transmission Cable Fault Location System. The transmission line fault location requires
intense human effort and resources. Typically this process is time consuming and while digging the cable there is a
risk of damaging the insulation.
 This paper provides a simple and safe alternative by automating the process of fault detection and location. The
fault creation is made by the set of switches. The relays are controlled by the relay driver. A 16×2 LCD display
connected to the Arduino uno to display the information.
 In case of short circuit, the voltage across series resistors changes accordingly, which is then fed to an ADC to
develop precise digital data to a programmed Arduino that further displays exact fault location from base station in
kilometres , in 2km ,4 km, 6km, 8km. The project in future can be implemented by using resistors in an AC circuit
to measure the impedance which can even locate the open circuited cable. The circuit consists of a power supply, 4
line display, Arduino and resistance measurement circuit..
 Continue

 To induce faults manually in the kit, fault switches are used. About 12 fault switches are used which are arranged in
three rows with each row having 4 switches.
 The 3 rows represent the 3 phases namely R,Y and B. The fault switches have 2 positions-No fault position(NF) and fault
position(F).Main component of the underground cable fault detection circuit is low value resistance measurement.
 It is constructed using a constant current source of 100mAmps. It can measure very low value resistance as the cables
have around 0.01 Ohm/meter resistance.
 For 10meter cable resistance becomes 0.1 Ohm. This circuit can measure resistance up 50 Ohm, Maximum cable length
it can check up to 4 kilometres.
 So starting from the reference point 3 sets of resistances are placed in series. These 3 sets of resistances represent the
three phases and the neutral.
6.What will be outcome :
 Longer Life Expectancy Underground systems normally last much longer than overhead wiring.
 Reduced Maintenance Costs Components of underground systems, not being exposed, require less
maintenance Service.
 Uninterrupted by Storms Underground systems are protected from ice storms, lightning, and high winds.
Conserve Valuable Land is a valuable resource, particularly in urban areas.
 Underground systems permit the construction of buildings and other structures over and around them.
 Reduced Fire Fighting Hazards Fire departments are not hampered, or endangered, by poles and overhead
wires, when erecting their fire-fighting apparatus.
 Prevention of Accidents Dangers to persons from the accessibility of high-voltage power, or from poles
becoming hazardous to vehicles, and from fallen poles and live wires, are eliminated.
 Underground systems conserve valuable land in urban areas, and avoid the dangers to persons from the
accessibility of high-voltage power.
7.MENTION THE SCOPE

 This project is to determine the distance of underground cable fault from the base station in
kilometres and displayed over the internet.
 Underground cable system is a common followed in major areas in Metro cities. While a fault occurs for
some reason, at that time the fixing process related to that particular cable is difficult due to exact
unknown location of the fault in the cable.
 This Technology is used to find out the exact location of the fault via relay kit and information send to
arduino and in seven segment formate shows on LCD SCREEN .
8.can it be completed in semester during (10-11) weeks? Mention
appropriate weeks required?.
 It takes 4 to 5 weeks
9. List the required resources :

LCD Display Breadboard

Arduino 4 Chanel Relay Kit
Jumper Wires Power Switches
10.Are this resources available to you?
 Yes

11.what will be the approximate cost of this project?

 ₹ 2000

12.have you discuss with other group members?

 Yes
Reference :

Link : https://youtu.be/hIlaxe93c7Q
 Project Proposal #02

Solar based irrigation system

1.Major idea to which project idea belongs :

 Agriculture is the single largest employer in the world.

 As such, irrigation is often seen as the engine that helps to ensure food security, generates
incomes, provides jobs and drives rural development. Energy is a key input for irrigation
services.
 As investment costs for solar based irrigation systems (SBIS) are coming down and subsidy
schemes for SBIS are being rolled out, solar technologies are becoming a viable option for
both large and small-scale farmers.
 SBIS provide reliable and affordable energy, potentially reducing energy costs for irrigation.
 In rural areas where diesel fuel is expensive or where reliable access to the electricity grid is
lacking, they can provide a relatively flexible and climate friendly alternative energy source.
 SBIS can be used in large-scale irrigation systems as well as for decentralized, small-scale
irrigation.
2.Type of Project:

Machine : Solar based Irrigation System

Equipment :Solar Panel, Battery, Servo Motor, Soil moisture sensor, Arduino

Software:- Arduino IDE

3.What is the need of the project :

 Solar pumps improve irrigation options for farmers
 Pump irrigation reduces labor for water delivery.
 By targeting water at a crop’s roots, drip irrigation can reduce weed and disease pressures, and increase efficiency of
chemical applications.
 Drip irrigation significantly increases water use efficiency
 Using solar energy for irrigation makes a lot of sense.
 (i) irrigation is often implemented in rural areas with poor access to reliable electricity or fossil fuel
supplies.
 (ii) solar radiation is an abundant resource, especially in regions where rain water scarcity makes irrigation
essential to food security and international trade.
4.Principle of working :

 The principle of the drip irrigation method is quite simple. With the use of various valves,
hoses and pipes, water drips slowly and at regular intervals to the roots of the plants.
Therefore, there is no water waste as water goes directly where it should go, contrary to a
sprinkler system in which water evaporates into the air or seeps into soils where no plants
grow. Therefore, drip irrigation method enables to grow more crops with less water, turning it
into a highly efficient irrigation method
5.Working of proposed project model/ project with diagram :

 This project uses Arduino Uno to control the motor. The Arduino Board is
programmed using the Arduino IDE software.
 Two  moisture sensors  measures the level of moisture in the soil and calculates
the average moisture value and sends the signal to the arduino if watering is
required.
 The water pump supplies water to the plants until the desired moisture level is
reached. The rechargable battery that supplies required power source is
recharged via Solar panel.
 A moisture sensor is used for sensing the soil condition –to know whether the
soil is wet or dry, and the input signals are then sent to the microcontroller,
which controls the whole circuit.
 Whenever the soil condition is dry, the microcontroller sends command to relay
and the motor gets switched on and supplies water to the field. And if the soil
gets wet, motor gets switched off.
6.What will be outcome :

 Solar pumps improve irrigation options for farmers

 Solar irrigation can increase incomes dramatically, particularly for remote producers
with inconsistent access to electricity or fuel.
 Pump irrigation reduces labor for water delivery.
 By targeting water at a crop’s roots, drip irrigation can reduce weed and disease
pressures, and increase efficiency of chemical applications.
7.MENTION THE SCOPE

 SBIS provide reliable and affordable energy, potentially reducing energy costs for
irrigation.
 In rural areas where diesel fuel is expensive or where reliable access to the
electricity grid is lacking, they can provide a relatively flexible and climate-
friendly alternative energy source.
8.can it be completed in semester during (10-11) weeks? Mention appropriate weeks required?.

 It takes 4 to 5 weeks
9. List the required resources :

Solar Panel Battery

Servo Motor Soil moisture sensor
Arduino L293D Motor Derive
10.Are this resources available to you?
 Yes

11.what will be the approximate cost of this project?

 ₹ 2500

12.have you discuss with other group members?

 Yes
Reference :

https://youtu.be/zFy8kD1ti7k
 Project Proposal #03

LPG leakage detector with buzzer

1.Major idea to which project idea belongs :

 Nowadays, security is the major problem in many fields due to robberies, fire accidents and
blasts due to LPG gas leakage.
 At present, LPG gas can be used in the car, in the storage tank or service station. But, due to
some reasons the LPG gas might leak from the gas cylinders, this may cause the cylinder blast,
damage the house and risk of a life to the living persons in the house.
 The fire ignite can be occurred due to many reasons such as an electrical short circuit, oil
lamps or candles kept inside the house.
 Sometimes fire accidents are very small, but if proper action is not taken to control the fire,
then it can spread in complete house. To overcome this problem, an LPG gas sensor is used to
detect the presence of a dangerous LPG gas leak in various places.
2.Type of Project :
Machine: LPG Leakage detector
Equipment: Transformer, Voltage regulator, Buzzer, MQ6 sensor, LCD display

3.What is the need of this project :

 Being heavier than air, these gases do not disperse easily. It may lead to
suffocation when inhaled and may lead to explosion.
 Due to the explosion of LPG, the number of deaths has been increased in
recent years.
 To avoid this problem there is a need for a system to detect the leakage of LPG
4. Principle and working :

 Arduino Microcontroller based LPG Leakage Detector Circuit. The proposed system uses an
LPG gas sensor to sense LPG gas when LPG gas leakage occurs.
 When the Arduino board gets a HIGH pulse from a gas sensor then it displays a message
LCD display and activates buzzer to generate beep sound.
5.Working of proposed project model/ project with diagram :

 This is a low cost Microcontroller based project. Microcontroller based LPG gas leakage system using MQ6 (LPG
Gas) sensor with Buzzer indication has applications in various areas including Industrial application, domestic
application.
 this system is very useful in hotels ,home ,car ,LPG agencies . This system has advance safety standard and most
important this helps prevent accident occurred because of fire. It also useful in protecting human life ,wealth and
property .
 MQ6 (LPG Gas) sensor is used to detect LPG leakage this sensor has quick response time it responding very short
period of time.
 Output of MQ6 sensor is given to Comparator. And output of comparator IC is given to microcontroller 89s51.
 Liquid crystal display – LCD display shows a message when MQ6 crosses threshold level. And also a Buzzer is
turned on to give Alert indication. We have provided a potentiometer which is used to vary the threshold level of
comparator which decides the threshold level of leakage condition.
6.What will be outcome :

 Gas leakage occurs mainly due to poor maintenance of equipment and

inadequate awareness of the people.
 Hence, LPG leakage detection is essential to prevent accidents and to save human
lives.
7.MENTION THE SCOPE

 Major cities of India are pushing Smart Home application, gas monitoring system is a part of
Smart.
 Hotels and wherever the LPG cylinders are used. This system can be used in industries
involving.
 applications such as Furnace, Boilers, Gas welding, Gas cutting, Steel Plants, Metallurgical
industries.
8.can it be completed in semester during (10-11) weeks? Mention
appropriate weeks required?.

 It takes 4 to 5 weeks
9. List the required resources :

Microcontroller Transformer
Voltage regulator LCD Display
Buzzer LPG Gas sensor
10.Are this resources available to you?
 Yes

11.what will be the approximate cost of this project?

 ₹ 1000

12.have you discuss with other group members?

 Yes
Reference :

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89VAGO9DZOs
THANK YOU