The main component of

‫المكونات المستخدمة في توصيل الشبكات‬

network
computers -1
We need at least two devices (containing operating systems
that support networks) and there are a lot of computers used
as such, knowing that smart mobile devices and smart
communication devices are treated like computers
- :NETWORK
 A network consists of two or more Devices that
are linked in order to share resources (such as
printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow
electronic communications. The computers on a
network may be linked through cables, telephone
lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light
beams
- :MAIN NETWORK COMPONENTS

INTERMEDIATE END DEVICES MEDIA

DEVICES (NODES)
- :A GRAPH VIEW FOR THE NETWORK
-:Network cards -2

Definition: The component that connects a computer to a

network, and the computer cannot connect to the network
without it.
Network card function: -
 Prepare data for transmission on the network.

 Send and receive data on the network.

 Control the flow of data between the computer and the

transmission medium.
 Translating electrical or optical signals from the network
wire into data that the computer understands, and
translating computer data into electrical or optical signals
depending on the card type and the cable type
TYPES OF NETWORK CARDS
DEPENDING ON THE DATA CARRIER

PCI network card.

USB connect network card

PCI express network card.

USB wire network card

 .PCI NETWORK CARD

This type of card is the most widely used data path

width of 32 bits, and data transfer speed of 32
MHz
.PCI EXPRESS NETWORK CARD

10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet PCI Express, PCIE

Network Adapter ; it’s faster and most widely used
now
 . USB WIRE NETWORK CARD

This card is used if the internal card is damaged by

the network card or because there are few
expansion ports.
 WIRELESS NETWORK CARD

It is a new cards that is used with desktop and

laptop devices, and has proven high efficiency in
use and ease of installation and installation

WIRELESS
CARD

Internal USB wireless

wireless card card
 WIRELESS CARDS

Wireless cards

wireless connect USB wireless connect

internal external
 NETWORK CARD PORTS FORMS

 RG45 network card

 BNC network card
 AUI network card
 A network card contains more than one
of the three ports
RG45 NETWORK CARD
RG45 AND BNC NETWORK CARD
 NETWORK CARD SPEED

 Network card speed of 100 Mb / s.

 Network card speed 1000 Mb / s.
NETWORK DATA TRANSMISSION MEDIA

The data transmission media in networks is

divided into three types, namely: -

1- Copper media.

2- Optical media.

3- Wireless media.
Network data transmission media

1- Copper media.
Copper cables are used to transmit data
in the form of an electrical signal. There
are two types of them:
A- coaxial cable.
B - twisted pair
A- coaxial cable.
 The coaxial cable consists of a copper
conductor surrounded by an insulating layer
on top of the dielectric twisted braid that
acts as a second wire and a protective layer
for the inner conductor and then covers the
whole with a cable sheath.
 Its data transfer speed is 10 Mbps, and its
signal is weakened after about 500 meters
B -1 : UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR

- :It is the most popular use for networks

     It consists of four pairs of wires, so the total is eight wires, as in
the form of two wires stranded together so that the effect of the
wires on each other reduces the time of the electrical signal
transmission, and the wires are surrounded by an outer
insulating cover. And each wire has a specific color, where the
colors of the wires are: -
    (Orange white - orange - green white - green - blue white - blue
- brown white - brown).
The maximum cable length is preferable to 100 meters before the
signal is weak, and the data transfer speed is from 10: 1000MB.
: B -2)SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR(

Insulated twisted cable consists of four pairs of copper

wires as well.
Each pair of wires is enclosed in a tin foil wrapping,
making it less wide For electromagnetic interference
from the insulated stranded cable as shown in Fig.
And the cable, non-insulated, is not spread due to its
high price and difficulty to install
2- Optical Fiber

. Optical fibers are the most common media for use as

a backbone ، It used for the long distances and high
speeds to transfer data from one point to another in
the network.
Where light is used to send data through the core or
optical fiber center
It is known as the Core. And the transmitting device
converts electrical signals into optical signals for
transmission via optical fibers. The receiving device
receives the optical signals and converts them into
electrical signals at the other end of the fibers
OPTICAL FIBER
OPTICAL FIBER

Optical fibers are the media that use light to transmit information
and data through Glass and sometimes plastic is used unlike copper
cables

Optical fiber is more prevalent, especially in cases where high

speeds are required, and continuity of transmission Data without
interruption such as in the medical field, inside planes, submarines,
and others

Many other domains.

 Optical Fiber

Any system that needs to transfer data and information through optical fibers needs three
main components
 Transmitter It is used to convert electrical impulses to Light pulses where it lights
up quickly when an electric current passes , and turns off at No electrical current.
 Optical fiber cable It is the medium that transmits light from the transmitter to the
Receiver.
 Receiver receives the light pulses and converts it to Electric pulses.
Electric signal Optical cable
Electric signal

Transmitter Receiver
Light signal
OPTICAL FIBER
CABLE
Fiber optic patch cord cable
They are ready-made connectors
where optical fiber connectors
are installed in Different lengths,
and they have different types
and colors, and are used for
connection between the
connection panel and devices
3- Network connection devices...

It is the one that connects the network

devices together through the data transfer
paths.
1. HUB .

2. Switch .

3. Router .

4. Access Point .

5. Repeater .

6. Converter .
3- Network connection devices...
1- HUB

It is a central access point between

network devices that connects network
devices together.
    There are two types : -
    Passive hub does not do any

   Signal change,
no electricity required.
 Active hub repeats Signal generation
and allow greater distances between
devices  And it needs a power
source to operate it
3- Network connection devices...
2- switch

 It is the most used, because it passes the message to

one port, while the hub passes the message on all
ports
 Also, the switch can send or receive at the same time,
while the hub is Sends only at a time or received only
at a time
 It turns out that the Switch is faster than the hub.
3- Network connection devices...

3- Router

 The router interconnects different networks

3- Network connection devices...
4- Access Point

 This device is used to

wirelessly connect a group of
devices, and it may also have
a firewall and can be used to
receive the wireless signal
   Sometimes this device may
be a group of devices at the
same time.
3- Network connection devices...
5- Repeater

 The signal is subjected to distortion , so

sometimes especially with the length of
the transmission distance you need a
process of refreshing and strengthening
the signal until it reaches a strong to the
receiving station, so the repeater
performs this function.
 There are two types of it

 1- Analogue: amplifies the signal and

distortion obtained.
 2- Digital: Rebuilds the signal to be
closer to the original.