Phytochemical screening and

potential antioxidant of
Amphora sp. in different
extraction methods
Ach. Khumaidi
Abdul Muqsith, Abdul Wafi, Ulfatul Mardiyah, Lovi Sandra
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Ibrahimy.

Presented at International Conference on Fisheries and Marine Sciences (INCOFIMS)

Sep 29, 2021.
Diatoms
Diatom is a type of
microalgae that contains
many bioactive compounds
that function as
immunostimulants,
antioxidants, antibacterials,
and antivirals.
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 β-karoten
ANTICANCER

astaxanthin
Microalgae as medicinal and nutraceutical ingredients

Fucoxanthin
ANTIBACTERIAL

asam docosahexaenoic (DHA)

ANTIVIRAL

asam eicosapentaenoic (EPA)

asam γ-linolenat
IMMUNOSTIMULANT

Phycocyanin
 Sonication

Maceration

This research aims to provide information about the most effective and efficient extraction
method in producing bioactive compounds. The extraction method used sonication (SON),
maceration (MAS), and combined maceration-sonication (SON-MAS) with absolute ethanol
as solvent. In addition, to determine the antioxidant activity of extracts of microalgae
Amphora sp using the DPPH test.
Materials and methods
 Extraction of Amphora sp.

SONICATION MACERATION SONICATION-MACERATION

Yield (%)
Yield (%)
Yield (%)
Identification of Bioactive Compounds and
Antioxidant Activity
 Quantitative analysis of total chlorophyll, phenol, and flavonoid
 Phytochemical analysis, conducted to determine the qualitative bioactive
compounds: flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins.
 DPPH was used to analyze antioxidant activity by making several extract
concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm) and control, namely
ascorbic acid (vitamin C), analyzed at 517 nm and calculated inhibitory
concentration 50 (IC50).
Result and Discussions
 Chlorophyll ὰ
Chlorophyll ꞵ
Total Chlorophyll
2.5

2.0
Bioactive Amphora sp. with

Concentration (mg/l)
1.5
different extraction methods

1.0
The highest yields were sequentially
obtained from the combined sonication-
0.5
maceration extraction method (SON-
MAS) with the maceration method (MAS)
0.0
and finally the sonication method (SON).
SON MAS SON-MAS
Extraction Methode
The highest total chlorophyll obtained at
maceration (MAS).

Phytochemical compounds in the extract

Phytochemical profile of extracts of Amphora sp. method with SON and SON-MAS
Flavonoid Alkaloid Triterpenoid resulted in more complex phytochemical
Result (Annotation)
Phytochemic
Reactor Parameters
content, namely flavonoids, alkaloids,
al analysis SON MAS SON-MAS
and triterpenoids.
Concentrated
Flavonoid Sorrel Sorrel (+) No colour (-) Sorrel (+)
HCL + Mg
Brown
Brown precipitation Brown precipitation Brown
Alkaloid Bouchardat precipitation
(+) (+) precipitation (+)
colour
Orange,
Triterpenoid Bouchardat Orange-brown (+) Orange-brown (+) Orange-brown (+)
orange-brown
 Fenol (mg GAE/g) 2500
40 Flavonoid (mg QE/g) 2255.3
34.2
33 2000
30

Konsentrasi (ppm)
1500

20

15.2 15.6 1000

745.2 779.3
10 9.6
500
4.2

0 20
SON MAS SON-MAS 0
Metode Ekstraksi SON MAS SON-MAS KONTROL
Perlakuan

The content of total phenols and flavonoids extract
Amphora sp.
SON extraction methods produce a total phenol and best
flevonoid. The resulting value is higher than other microalgae
conducted by Haoujar et al., (2019).
Antioxidant activity of extracts of Amphora sp.
The SON extraction method produces the smallest IC 50
value, which is 745.2 ppm compared to other extraction
methods, and the control is carried out with ascorbic acid
solution with an IC50 value of 20 ppm.

“The sonication method can destroy or damage cell walls and provide a capillary effect thereby increasing solvent penetration
into cells to produce more extracts, and allowing the release of essential oils into the solvent”.
 “ Conclusion
The sonication method (SON) is the
most effective Amphora sp. extraction
method for producing active
compounds such as chlorophyll α,
chlorophyll β, flavonoids, alkaloids,
terpenoids, phenolic and flavonoid
content with relatively good value, and
antioxidant activity of free radical
scavenging DPPH with IC50 of 745.2
ppm.

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Ach. Khumaidi
Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Ibrahimy, Situbondo, East Java. Indonesia

Scopus ID: 57209807907

ach.khumaidi@gmail.com

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