Lecture 2

Buildings: Types & Functions

Dr Nik Elyna Myeda
elyna@um.edu.my
 General Categories of Building
Ownership
• Public: Government-owned buildings for public use purpose.
• Private: private-owned buildings that may be built on business purpose
 Types of Buildings
Types of Buildings Example
Community Building/ Community centres/halls, libraries, convention
Amenities centres, museums
Educational/ Institutional Schools, colleges, universities
Healthcare Clinics, hospitals
Industrial Warehouses, factories
Commercial Shopping complex, hotels, office buildings, retail
buildings, sports centre
Entertainment Zoos, Aqua Centes, Cinemas
Residential Bungalows, semi-detached, condominiums,
apartments, flats
Building Structure
 Building Parts & Components
Buildings are mainly made of two basic parts:
Substructure/ Foundation: the lower portion of the building, usually located
below the ground level, which transmits the loads of the super-structure to the
supporting soil. A foundation is therefore that part of the structure which is in direct
contact with the ground to which the loads are transmitted.
Superstructure: that part of the structure which is above ground level, and which
serves the purpose of  its intended use.
 Building Parts & Components
Substructure/ Foundation: The foundations of the building transfer the weight of
the building to the ground. Since the weight of the building rests on the soil (or
rock), the properties of the soil must be able to carry the loads imposed by the
building.
 Building Parts & Components

Superstructure: The part of a building above its foundations.

 Other Building Components

• Roofing system
• Floor
• Column
• Windows, doors
• Staircases
Roofing System
Floor
Column
Windows
Doors
Staircases
 Video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3iI6S7TuCA