LESSON 4

MOTIVATION & EMOTION

 What is Motivation?
 Motivation has been defined in various ways over the years, but a common component of the
different definitions is that motivation is a force that energizes, activates and directs behaviour.
In 2006, Franken defined motivation as the “arousal, direction and persistence of a person’s
behaviour”.
 What is Emotion?
 In psychology, emotion refers to the conscious and subjective experience that is
characterized by mental states, biological reactions and psychological or physiologic
expressions (e.g. facial expressions). The word “emotion” was a 1579 adaptation of
the French word “emouvoir” (to stir up).
 Emotion is different from “feelings” because feelings subjectively represent emotions, which
means that feelings are only private to the person. Also, emotion is distinguished from “mood”
based on the period of time that they are present; a mood lasts longer than an emotion.
Interchangeably used with emotion, “affect” is the experience of emotion, and is associated with
how the emotion is expressed (as seen on facial expressions or hand gestures).


https://explorable.com/motivation-and-emotion
 6 BASIC EMOTIONS
 Happiness
 Of all the different types of emotions, happiness tends to be the one that
people strive for the most. Happiness is often defined as a pleasant emotional
state that is characterized by feelings of contentment, joy, gratification,
satisfaction, and well-being.
 Sadness
 Sadness is another type of emotion often defined as a transient emotional state
characterized by feelings of disappointment, grief, hopelessness, disinterest,
and dampened mood. 
 Fear
 Fear is a powerful emotion that can also play an important role in survival.
When you face some sort of danger and experience fear, you go through what
is known as the fight or flight response.
 Disgust
 This sense of revulsion can originate from a number of things, including an
unpleasant taste, sight, or smell. Researchers believe that this emotion evolved as a
reaction to foods that might be harmful or fatal. When people smell or taste foods that
have gone bad, for example, disgust is a typical reaction.
 Anger
 Anger can be a particularly powerful emotion characterized by feelings of hostility,
agitation, frustration, and antagonism towards others. Like fear, anger can play a part
in your body's fight or flight response.
 Surprise
 Surprise is another one of the six basic types of human emotions originally described
by Eckman. Surprise is usually quite brief and is characterized by a physiological
startle response following something unexpected.

 https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-the-types-of-emotions-4163976
 8 healthy ways to cope with your emotions
 1. Realize that emotions are natural.
 2. Have a Plan B.
 3. Adjust your expectations.
 4. Check out.
 5. Laugh it off.
 6. Release the energy.
 7. Learn acceptance.
 8. Get help.

 https://www.foxnews.com/health/8-healthy-ways-to-cope-with-your-emotions
 Stress and Conflict
 Hyperstress  happens when too many tasks and responsibilities pile up and we are unable to
adapt or cope with these changes.  In hyperstress the source is identifiable, such as too many
competing deadlines at work and home.  Hyperstress causes physical and chemical reactions in
the body.  If the stress is not alleviated exhaustion sets in.   So at this time of year many people
experience hyperstress.
 Someone who is in a state of hyperstress may cause a conflict to occur that is really not about
the core issue. 
 There are three types of such conflicts:
 Overblown conflict:  One where a relatively unimportant issue gets exaggerated or blown out of
proportion.
 Misplaced conflict: One that is directed towards the wrong issues. In this case people address
things that are safe to argue about rather than the core issues.
 Displaced conflict:   One that is directed towards the wrong person.  Displaced conflicts are
generally resolved with an apology. 

 https://www.alternativeresolutions.net/2013/12/20/stress-mediation-at-work-conflict/
 Definition of relaxation
 1: the act of relaxing or state of being relaxed
 2: arelaxing or recreative state, activity, or
pastime : DIVERSION
 3: the
lengthening that characterizes inactive
muscle fibers or muscles
 The benefits of relaxation techniques
 When faced with numerous responsibilities and tasks or the demands of an illness, relaxation techniques may
not be a priority in your life. But that means you might miss out on the health benefits of relaxation.
 Practicing relaxation techniques can have many benefits, including:
• Slowing heart rate
• Lowering blood pressure
• Slowing your breathing rate
• Improving digestion
• Maintaining normal blood sugar levels
• Reducing activity of stress hormones
• Increasing blood flow to major muscles
• Reducing muscle tension and chronic pain
• Improving concentration and mood
• Improving sleep quality
• Lowering fatigue
• Reducing anger and frustration
• Boosting confidence to handle problems

 https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/relaxation-technique/art-
20045368