Digital Imag

e
Processing
Lecture 13
 Image smoothing in
frequency domain
0 Image smoothing = removal of high frequency
Causes blurring

Solution: Low pass filtering

 Image Smoothing Using Frequency Domain
Filters: ILPF
Ideal Lowpass Filters (ILPF)
1 if D(u , v)  D0
H (u , v)  
0 if D(u , v)  D0

D0 is a positive constant and D(u, v) is the distance between a point (u, v)

in the frequency domain and the center of the frequency rectangle
2 1/2
D(u, v)  (u  P / 2)  (v  Q / 2) 
2

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 Image Smoothing Using Frequency Domain
Filters: ILPF

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 ILPF Filtering Example
Square size: 3,5,9,15,25,35,45,55. separation of 25 pixels
Letters: 10 to 24 points
Vertical bars: 5X100 pixels with separation=20 pixels
Circles: 25 pixels with separation of 15 pixels. Gray level: 0-100%with 20% increments.
Noisy rectangles: 50X120 pixels.

Circles:
10,30,60,
160,460

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 ILPF
Filtering Circles: 10,30,60,160,460

Example

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 The Spatial Representation of ILPF

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 Image Smoothing Using Frequency Domain
Filters: BLPF
Butterworth Lowpass Filters (BLPF) of order n and
with cutoff frequency D0
1
H (u , v ) 
1   D(u , v) / D0 
2n

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 The Spatial Representation of BLPF

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 Image Smoothing Using Frequency Domain
Filters: GLPF

Gaussian Lowpass Filters (GLPF) in two dimensions is given

 D 2 ( u , v )/2 2
H (u , v )  e

By letting   D0
 D 2 ( u , v )/2 D0 2
H (u , v )  e

At D = D0, H(u,v) = 60.7% of its maximum value.

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 Image Smoothing Using Frequency Domain
Filters: GLPF

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 Examples of smoothing by GLPF (1)

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 Examples of smoothing by GLPF (2)

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 Examples of smoothing by GLPF (3)

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 Image Sharpening Using Frequency Domain
Filters

A highpass filter is obtained from a given lowpass filter

using

H HP (u, v)  1  H LP (u, v)

A 2-D ideal highpass filter (IHPL) is defined as

0 if D(u , v)  D0
H (u , v )  
1 if D(u, v)  D0

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 Image Sharpening Using Frequency Domain
Filters

A 2-D Butterworth highpass filter (BHPL) is defined as

1
H (u , v) 
1   D0 / D (u , v) 
2n

A 2-D Gaussian highpass filter (GHPL) is defined as

 D 2 ( u ,v )/2 D02
H (u , v)  1  e

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The Spatial Representation of Highpass Filters

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 Filtering Results by IHPF

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 Filtering Results by BHPF

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 Filtering Results by GHPF

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 Using Highpass Filtering and Threshold for
Image Enhancement

BHPF
(order 4 with a cutoff
frequency 50)

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