The Hybrid Car:

A look at the future of cars

By:
Kenneth Barnett
 What makes a Hybrid?
 A hybrid is anything that uses two or mores sources directly or indirectly to
provide propulsion

 Examples of hybrid vehicles being used:

 Gasoline-pedal:
 Moped
 Diesel-electric:
 Locomotives
 Buses
 Submarines (can also be nuclear-electric)
 Gasoline-electric:
 Passenger Vehicles
 Parallel Hybrid

 Has a fuel tank that supplies gas

to the engine like a regular car
 It also has a set of batteries that
run an electric motor
 Both the engine and electric
motor can turn the transmission
at the same time.
 Series Hybrid
 The fuel tank goes to the
engine, but the engine turns a
generator
 Then the generator can either
charge the batteries or power an
electric motor that drives the
transmission
 The gasoline engine does not
directly power the car
 Components of a Hybrid

 Gasoline engine
 Much like our engines but smaller and is made with advanced
technologies to reduce emissions and increase efficiency

 Fuel Tank
 Energy storing device for the gasoline engine
 Gas has a much larger density than the batteries
 Example: 1,000 pounds of batteries store as much energy as 1 gallon (7
pounds) of gas
 Continuing Components

 Electric Motor
 Advance electronics allow it to act as either an motor or a generator
 Example: When needed it can take power from the batteries to accelerate
the car. Or as the car slows down it acts as a generator and returns that
energy to the batteries
 Generator
 Similar to an electric motor, just it acts only to produce electrical power
 Mainly in series hybrids
 Continuing Components

 Batteries
 Energy storage device for the electric motor

 Transmission
 Transmission on a hybrid performs the same as a transmission on our cars
 How a transmission works is that it takes power from the engine or motor
and sends to the driveshaft which turns your axle to move your car
 Hybrid Performance
 The key for the hybrid car is its ability to use a smaller engine
 A conventional engine is sized for peak power requirement, when a
study shows that most drivers reach this less than 1% of our driving
time
 The hybrid engine is sized for running at the average power not the
peak. But when it does reach that point that it needs help up a hill or
to pass someone, it draws extra power from the batteries and the
electric motor to get the job done.
 Hybrid Efficiency
 Recovers energy and stores it into the battery
 Regenerative braking
 Sometimes it will shut the engine off
 Reduces aerodynamic drag
 Low rolling resistance tires
 Stiffer and inflated more
 1/2 the drag on the road
 Lightweight Materials
 Carbon fiber
 Metals
 Aluminum
 Magnesium
 Hybrid Maintenance

 Warranties
 The average warranty for a hybrid now is around either 8 yr/ 100,000 mile
or even 10 year/ 150,000 mile
 Brake pads
 Regenerative braking
 Batteries
 $6800 for new Toyota and Honda hybrid
 But batteries tested to go for 180,000 miles and some
Available and Coming Soon
More cars