A PRESENTATION

ON
PHYSIOGRAPHY OF BANGLADESH
Supervised By:
Md.Muyeed Hasan
Assistant Professor
Dept. of GEE

Presented By:
Group-B
Annyca Tabassum (2012135005)
Ekram Uddin (2012135030)
Nowshin Islam Tisha (2012135071)
Abdul Gaffer Asif (2012135085)
Tasfia Shahid (2011135031)
INTRODUCTION
Bangladesh is a south Asian small country.
It lies between 20°34´N and 26°38´N and
88°01´E to 92°41´E. Three sides of
Bangladesh are covered with India and
southeast side is covered with Myanmar.
Bay of Bengal is situated in the south side
of Bangladesh. West Bengal of India is
situated in the west side of Bangladesh.
The area of this country is 1,47,610 sq. km.
About 80% land of this country is flat,
intersected by numerous rivers and their
distributaries
Map of Bangladesh
WHAT IS PHYSIOGRAPHY…..?????
 In a sense, physiography is the study of physical features
of the earth’s surface.
 “Physiography is the science which treats of the earth’s
exterior physical features,climate,life etc and of the
physical movements or changes on the earth’s surface,as
the current of the atmosphere and ocean the secular
variations in heat, moisture, magnetism etc .”
……..Century Dictionary & Cyclopedia
PHYSIOGRAPHY OF BANGLADESH
 Bangladesh is located at the lower most reaches of the
mighty river systems-
>Ganges-Padma river system
>Brahmaputra-Jamuna river system
>Shurma-Meghna river system
 The great delta is flat, stretches from near the foot hills of the
Himalayan Mountain.
 The flatness of land has been relieved by 2 elevated tracts-
>Madhupur tracts
>Barind tracts
 The maximum elevation is 4034 ft at Keocradang hill in
Rangamati hill district.
 The topography of Bangladesh can be divided into 5 types-
>High land
>Medium high land
>Medium low land
>Very low land
>Hilly land
PHYSIOGRAPHIC SUB-REGIONS
OF BANGLADESH
Physiographic region refers to a region of which all
parts are similar in terms of physical characteristics and
had a uniform geomorphic history.
Many geographers had divided it into different
types.Of them the most acceptable classifications
were-
>Spate’s classification (1954) -5 types
>Johnson’s classification (1957)-5 types with 12
sub-divisions
Now-a-days the conventional classifications are the
following 24 sub-regions with 54 units on the basis of
physical features and drainage pattern given by Rashid
(1991) :
PHYSIOGRAPHIC SUB REGION
PHYSIOGRAPHIC SUB REGION
PHYSIOGRAPHIC SUB REGION
 HIMALAYAN PIEDMONT PLAINS:
Location:
Most of Panchagarh and Thakurgaon districts
and north western part of Dinajpur district .
Characteristics:

 These plains are the alluvial cones of

many rivers issuing from the terai region
at the foot of the Himalayan ranges.
 The interflows of the rivers are slightly
dome shaped.
 The rivers in this
sub-region are
entrenched in the
recent alluvial
deposits.
 Soil of this
sub-region is
sandy silt.
 They are strongly
acidic in topsoil and moderately acidic
in subsoil as well as rich in sand
minerals.
 TISTA FLOODPLAIN:
Location:
Narrow belts within and adjoining the
channels of the Teesta, Dharla and Dudkumar
rivers in Nilphamari, Rangpur, Lalmonirhat,
Kurigram and Gaibandha districts.
Characteristics:
 Most of the land is shallowly flooded .
 The relief is medium level ridges and shallow
basins.
 There is a slight depression
along the Ghanghat river,
where flooding is of
medium depth.
 The area has irregular
patterns of grey stratified,
sands and silts.
 Soil is moderately acidic,organic matter status
is low.
 BARIND TRACT:
Location:
Dinajpur, Gaibandha, Joypurhat, Bogra,
Naogaon, Sirajganj,Natore,Rajshahi,
Nawabganj, Rangpur.
Characteristics:
 This tract is comparatively high in elevation
 The soil is reddish and yellowish clay (Khiyar
in local terminology).
 The landscape is almost level and locally
irregular along river channels.
 Soil is acidic and organic matter status is low.
 LITTLE JAMUNA FLOODPLAIN:
Location:
Dinajpur,Naogaon,Phulbari,Joypurhat,
Panchbibi,Mahadebpur.
Characteristics:
 It’s valley is very narrow.
 Soil is alluvial with greyish sandy silt and
greatly contrasts with the clays.
 The valley is terminates in the bills.
 MIDDLE ATRAI FLOODPLAIN:
Location:
Chirribandar to Mahadebpur
Characteristics:
 The relief is low ridges and shallow basins.
 The ridges usually remain above flood
level,but the lower areas are flash flood.
 The river is entrenched.
 This region has considerable amount of sand
and much of the floodplain has sandy soils.
 LOWER ATRAI BASIN:
Location:
Naogaon and Natore districts and parts of
Rajshahi, Bogra and Sirajgonj districts.
Characteristics:
 This basin is also called “The Chalan Bil
Depression”.
 Smooth low lying basin land occupies most of
the region.
 Seven general soil types occur in the region;
but Non-calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain
soils cover most of the area.
 Organic matter and fertility status are
moderate.
 LOWER PURNABHABA VALLEY:
Location:
Extreme western part of Naogaon district and
extreme northern part of Nawabganj district.
Characteristics:
 This region occupies basins and beels separated
by low floodplain ridges.
 Dark grey, mottled red, very strongly acidic soil.
 Only one general soil type has been identified
in this region.
 Organic matter status is medium to high.
 General fertility level is medium.
 LOWER MAHANANDA FLOODPLAIN:

Location:
Dinajpur district, Bholahat Upazila, Gomastapur
Upazila, Chapai-Nawabganj district.
Characteristics:
 The Mahananda river of this region is slightly
entrenched.
 This floodplain varies in breadth.
 GANGES FLOODPLAIN:
Location:
Nawabganj, Rajshahi, Southern Pabna, Kushtia,
Meherpur, Jessore, Chuadanga, Jhenaidah,
Magura, and northern parts of Satkhira and
Khulna districts together with minor areas in
Noagaon and Narail districts.,Faridpur, Madaripur,
Gopalganj and Sariatpur north eastern parts of
Khulna and Bagherhat, northern Barisal, and
south-western part of Manikganj.
Characteristics:
 This region may have high land, medium highland
& low lying land.
 Some areas have a complex relief of broad and
narrow ridges and inter-ridge depressions
(In high land),some areas have broad ridges &
basins (in low land).
 Soils of this region are silt loams and silty clay
loams on the upper part and silty clay loams to
heavy clays on the lower sites.
 Organic matter status is low.
 Soils are slightly alkaline in nature.
 In high land of this region fertility level is low,
but it is medium in low land.
 BRAHMAPUTRA-JAMUNA FLOODPLAIN:
Location:
Eastern parts of Kurigram, Gaibandha, Bogra,
Sirajganj and Pabna districts and western parts
of Sherpur, Jamalpur, Tangail and Manikganj
districts,minor areas in Dhaka, Munshiganj,
Narayanganj,Chandpur districts, Mymensingh,
Narsindi,Kishoreganj district.
Characteristics:
 This region comprises the belt unstable
alluvial land along the Brahmaputra-Jamuna
rivers.
 It has an irregular relief of broad and narrow
ridges and depressions.
 Soils of this region may be silty,sandy,silt loam
to silty clay loam.
 Soil of this region is acidic in nature.
 Organic matter status of some parts may be
medium to high and some parts may be low to
high.
 Fertility level is low to
medium.
 OLD BRAHMAPUTRA FLOODPLAIN:

Location:
Large areas in Sherpur, Jamalpur, Tangail,
Mymensingh, Netrokona, Kishoreganj districts.
Also, small areas east of Dhaka and Gazipur
districts.
Characteristics:
 The region has broad ridges and basins.
 Soils of the area are predominantly silt loams
to silty clay loams on the ridges and clay in
the basins.
 Organic matter content is low on the ridges
and moderate in the basins.
 Top soils are moderately acidic but subsoil
is neutral.
 General fertility level is low.
 SUSANG HILLS AND PIEDMONT:
Location:
This region extends from the north of Jamalpur
district to the north of Sunamganj district,
Nalitabari,Haluaghat,Kalmakanda Upazila and
part of Durgapur Upazila.
Characteristics:
 Many entrenched mountain streams cut
through this region.
 Most of the lands are rapidly to low water
logged.
 Soils are plenty with sand.
 MADHUPUR TRACT:
Location:
Dhaka, Gazipur, Narsindi, Narayanganj, Tangail,
Mymensingh and Kishoreganj.
Characteristics:
 The landscape comprises level upland, closely
or broadly dissected terrace associated with
either shallow or broad, deep valleys.
 Eleven general soil types exist in the area; of which, Deep Red
Brown Terrace, Shallow Red Brown Terrace soils and Acid Basin
Clays are the major ones.

 The soils on the terrace are better drained,

friable clay loams to clays overlying friable
clay substratum at varying depth. Soils in the
valleys are dark grey heavy clays.
 The soils are acidic in nature.
 Organic matter status is low.
 HAOR BASIN:
Location:
Dirai,Sulla,Northern
Baniachang,Jamalgang
Upazila,Ajmiriganj.
Characteristics:
 The basin is a succession
of Bils and Haors of various sizes.
 The centre area of this region is low.
 Most of this area is seasonally deeply
flooded.
 The soil of this area is heavily silt.
 SYLHET HIGH PLAINS:
LOCATION:
This region is situated
between the three
major sub-divisions
of the Haor Basin.
Characteristics:
 This is an elevated region.
 There are some water filled depressions.
 This region is characterized by
entrenched streams, lakes etc.
 SYLHET HILLS:
Location:
Some parts of
Sylhet district.
Characteristics:
 Four group hillocks
of this region are
called “Tila”.
 Tilas are composed of Pliestocene clays ,
sands,sandstones,Miocene shales etc.
 Meghalaya Foothills of this region are
composed of sandstones , limestones,
sandy shales ,mudstones etc.
 MEGHNA FLOODPLAIN:
Location:
Chandpur, Lakshmipur
and Noakhali districts,
Chittagong, Feni, Barisal,
Patuakhali and Barguna
districts, Kishoreganj,
Habiganj, Brahmanbaria,
Comilla.
Characteristics:
 Soils of the area are grey, loamy on the
ridges and grey to dark grey clayey in the
basins.
 Fertility level is medium.

 Top soils are strongly acidic and subsoils

slightly acidic to slightly alkaline.
 TIPPERA SURFACE:
Location:
Noakhali,Nabinagar
south to Maijdi.
Characteristics:
 It has a rectangular
drainage pattern.
 Soil is slightly acidic.
 The relief is almost level broad ridges and
basins.
 A long depression (from Kachua to Maijdi)
marks an area of deeper flooding.
 There are extensive man-made raised land.

 It is composed of Pleistocene sediments ,

sandy clays etc.
 MORIBUND DELTA:
Location:
Jessore,Kushtia,Faridpur etc.
Characteristics:
This region is conventionally classed as high plain.
Rivers are choked with sand and unable to carry
much water except when the ganges is in high
flood.Offshore Islands are its main characteristics.
 Regular flooding and formation of Chars ane
offshore islands are its characteristics.
 The main distributary of the Ganges of this
area is called “Gorai”.
 The north-west and south-west of this region
is higher than the rest.
 CENTRAL DELTA BASINS:
Location:
This basin is situated at the junction of
Moribund,Immature and Mature delta.
Characteristics:
 Locally this region is called “Faridpur Bil Area”.
 This area is low-lying.
 The zone where the rise of the tide has led to
rapid deposition of the silt (Strickland,1940).
 IMMATURE DELTA:
Location:
It is on the south of the Moribund delta,mainly consists
of sea beach and tidally influenced lands. The
Sundarbans belong to this region.
Characteristics:
 The land of this region is low.
The sea-ward face of this region is a network of
branching streams around roughly oblong shaped
islands.
 There are extensive shoals.
 There is a large very low estuarine area, this is
because of two causes-
1. Insufficient deposition by Ganges rivers.
2.Subsidence.
 MATURE DELTA:
Location:
Munshiganj.
Characteristics:
 This region is generally slightly flooded,south-
west part experiences severe flooding.
 The non-saline floodplain is shallowly flooded
every monsoon season.
 In the saline floodplain,the tidal effects are
much stronger.
 ACTIVE DELTA:
Location:
Bhola,Rangamati,Hatia,Shondip.
Characteristics:
 Four islands of this region undergoes relatively
fast rates of growth.
 The four islands are attached with chars.
 A huge amount of sediment is carried in this
region by Meghna river.
 There are several large shoals.
 CHITTAGONG SUB-REGION:
Location:
Feni, Chittagong and Cox's Bazar districts.
Characteristics:
 This region occupies the plain land in greater
Chittagong district and the eastern part of Feni
district.
 Grey silt loams and silty clay loam soils are
predominant here.
 Soil is extremely
acidic in nature.
 Fertility level of
soils is medium.
 Organic matter
content is low to
moderate.
CONCLUSION
 From the above discussion, it is clear that
the physiography of Bangladesh varies from
region to region.But now a days due to climate
change
Bangladesh is losing it’s physiographic
characteristics.so,we should be concern to
protect our physiographic variations.
ANY QUESTION….????
THANK YOU EVERYONE