English lr

Notes
Geography lesson
wildlife destination and 3 men at a picnic point
Wildlife Destinations
• A wild range and variety of animals species abounds in India and to preserve the
nature government has set up around 400 wildlife sanctuaries and 90 national parks
• Wildlife destinations are beautiful areas where wild and endangered animals are
protected all over the world and people can also visit these places by and can see
the beauty of nature
• In these destinations we can find the information on net
1. Essential information
2. Weather
3. Languages spoken
4. Beat time to visit
5.Things we can do
1. Keoladeo National Park
Things To Do
Birds Watching
1. It is also known as Bharatpur Bird Cycling
We can visit 18th century deeg palace and
Sanctuary lohararh
2. It is also a UNESCO world heritage site We can visit museum

3. There are 366 birds species, most of the Essential Information

birds are migratory bird and come from
Afghanistan, China and Siberia every year.
4. Many animals such as lizards, turtle,
snakes, sambar, boar and fish and many
more are found in this area
5. It is located in Rajasthan
6. This man-made and man managed swamp
is one of the finest bird parks in world.
Best time- August- November to see birds
October- February- Migratory Birds
Weather- Tropical
Language spoken- Rajasthani, Hindi and
English
Comment- There are also cycle rickshaws
which are like tour and are very
knowledgeable
Silent Valley National Park
Things to do
1. This region is also known as Sairandhrivanam in Trekking to Kunti river
Palakkad, Kerala Jeep Ride
2. This is a evergreen forest Is one of the most We can see the forest by the clock tower
Ecologically diverse in the planet
Hanging Bridge
3. This evergreen forest is also known as silent park
because of absence of cicada
Essential Information
4. Animal's such as a Lion tailed macaque, Malabar
squirrel, Tigers, Leopards, Snakes, Cobra etc . 1. Best time to visit - September-March

5. It is a beautiful place run by the government of 2. Weather- Tropical

Kerala, It is better take rides from jeep, The view
from watchtower is stunning, It is garden with
serval rare animals, birds, orchids etc. The water
in river is crystal clear. It is a paradise on earth..
3. Languages- Malayalam, English
Comments-It is an enchanting place
destination for nature and trekkers
Namdapha National Park
Things to do
1. It is located near the Himalaya Range’s Trekking to Rain forest
2. Tiger reserve is famous for its numerous Camping
campsites dotting the forest We can see four big cats
3. This park is located in Arunachal Pradesh in the Visit the Miao Museum
district Changlang
Visit to Anamika Rainfall
4. It covers landscape ranging from warm tropical
plains to icy Himalaya Highlands Essential Information
1. Best time to visit- October-April
5. It is home to a variety of animals, plants and birds
and so it is considered to be a hotspot of 2. Weather- Tropical
biodiversity 3. Languages- Hindi, English,
Assamese
6. We can also see 4 of the big cats- Leopard, Tigers,
Comments- It is perfect for the travellers
Snow leopards and clouded leopards who wants to spend time with nature
7. Other animals such as wolves, red pandas and There are also tour operator
endangered Namdapha flying squirrel
Ranthambore National Park
Things to do

1. Best place to visit tigers in their natural habitat
2. It is located in Sawai Madhopur district of
Rajasthan.
3. It is one of the biggest and most well known
tiger reserves in north India
Visit to ruins around the Ranthambore Fort
4. The park houses the ruins of a 10 th century fort and
a number and has a number of ancient temples and
mosques
5. This is a deciduous forest and open meadows
provides a home to leopards, Nilgais, Chitals and
other wild animal
6. It got is statue as a natural park in 1981
Trekking tiger through forest
Jungle Safari
Hike to the fort
Bird Watching from the Surwal Lake
Picnic at Miao Talao
Essential Information
1. Best time to visit- October-June ( The
park is close for the rest year)
2. Weather- Tropical
3. Languages- Hindi, English, Rajasthani
Comments- Major attraction for wildlife
photographs from all the over the world
 Geography Lesson
Brian Patten
The poem "The Geography Lesson" by 'Brian Patten' is about the poet's geography teacher
who always dreamt of visiting different places…
The poet has written about his geography teacher, he likes his teacher and his teacher says
have dreams and ambitions
When you dream you travel, Keep dreaming and keep traveling it will help to fulfil ambitions
Geography is a subject of the study of places and their environments and this poem
gives an important lesson of life and encourages us to travel to different places and
see the beauty of environment. Hence it is a suitable Title
 Geography Lesson Explanation
Ist Paragraph
• Our teacher told us one day he
would leave
And sail across a warm blue sea
To places he had only known
from maps,
And all his life had longed to be.
Explanation
• In the first stanza, the poet tells
us about his teacher and his
unfulfilled dreams about sailing
across a warm blue sea and
visiting those places which the
teacher has discussed only in
geographical maps.
 Geography Lesson Explanation

2nd Paragraph Explanation

• But in his mind’s eye he • In the second stanza, we get
could see to know that the teacher’s
Sweet-scented jasmine house is narrow and grey but
in his teacher’s imagination he
clinging to the walls,
could see the sweet scent of
And green leaves burning jasmine clinging to the walls
on an orange tree. and green leaves shining on an
orange tree.
 Geography Lesson Explanation
3rd Paragraph
• He spoke of the lands he
longed to visit,
Where it was never drab or
cold.
I couldn’t understand why he
never left,
And shook off the school’s
stranglehold.
Explanation
• In the third stanza, the poet
wonders that his teacher
always spoke of visiting the
beautiful lands but he couldn’t
understand why he didn’t
leave the school’s stranglehold
for his dream.
 Geography Lesson Explanation
4 Paragraph
th
• Then halfway through his
final term
He took ill and never
returned,
And he never got to that
place on the map
Where the green leaves of the
orange trees burned.
Explanation
In the fourth stanza the poet is
talking about his teacher’s health
where he got sick halfway in his
final term(retirement year) and
he never returned, he never
visited those places on the maps
which he talks about those
places where the green leaves
shine on orange trees.
 Geography Lesson Explanation
Explanation
5th Paragraph
• In the fifth stanza, the poet
• The maps were redrawn on tells us that the maps were
the classroom wall;
His name was forgotten, it redrawn on the classroom
faded away. walls and the teacher he knew
But a lesson he never knew was forgotten by all but his
he taught lesson is still with the poet as
Is with me to this day. now he has grown and
became a successful man.
 Geography Lesson Explanation
Explanation
6 Paragraph
th
• In the sixth stanza, the poet
I travel to where the green visits those places which his
leaves burn teacher talked about. He sees
To where the ocean’s glass- that the ocean is blue and clear
clear and blue, like glass. He then admires his
To all those places my teacher teacher’s lesson of loving and
taught me to love appreciating the natural beauty
of these places.
But which he never knew.
 Poetic device and meaning
of some words
By the line “green leaves burning on an orange tree” we mean that the leaves on the
orange tree are shining and appearing yellow when the sun rays are falling on them

Poetic device
personification in mind's eye, aliteration in sweet-scented and school's stranglehold, epigram in but
a lesson he never taught and metaphor in ocean's glass - clear and blue.
.
3 men at a picnic point Jerome
• This is a story of humor, and moral is we should not do any work
when we are feeling hungry
• For more understand read chapter
English Grammar

• Verbs: Expressing the present

• Verbs: Expressing the past
• Verbs: Expressing the future
Verbs: Expressing the present
• Be is used in 2 ways. It is used as the main verb. It is also used as an
auxiliary to form other tenses.
• Be has the same form whether it is used as the main verb or as an
auxiliary.
• Like be, have can also be used in 2 ways: As main verb and as an
auxiliary to make other tenses. When used as the main verb, it
expresses possession.
Simple present tense uses

1.The main use of the simple present tense is to express actions done as a
matter pf habit or actions done repeatedly
2.This tense expresses scientific facts and universal truths
3. It is used proverbs and saying because they also represent universal truths
4. This tense is also used to express natural qualities and professional activities

Simple Present Tense

Form- root form root form + -s (-es)
Do not + root form dose not + root form
Present Continues Tense

• Form- Is/am/are + ing form of the verb (positive)

Is/am/are + not + ing form of the verb (negative)
• Simple present- Habitual Action/General Statements
• Simple Continuous Tense
• Verbs Not Normally Used in the present continuous tense
1. Verbs of senses- Hear, See, Smell, Taste
2. Verbs Of feelings and emotions- feel, want, like, dislike
3. Verbs of mental state and activities- agree, disagree, believe, differ
4. Verbs showing possession- belong, own, posses
5. Verbs like- seem, appear, cost ,consist
Present perfect tense
• Present perfect tense
Affirmative Sentences- Has have + past participle form of the verb
• Negative sentences – not inserted after the first part of the verb
• Interrogative sentences – Have/has + past participle form of the verb + question word+
has/have +subject+ root form of the verb
• Preset perfect tense uses
• This tense is used to express an action that has been completely recently
• This tense expresses an action which has completed in the past but whose effect can be
felt at the time of speaking
• Form- Has have + past participle form of the verb
Has have +not + past participle form of the verb
Uses- Actions that have been completely recently
action which were completed in the past but whose effect can be felt at the time of speaking
Difference between Past and Present Prefect Tense

Past Tense Present Perfect Tense

• A past action • The present result of past action
• A long time ago • A short time ago
• A time in the past • A time up to the present
• Action not linked with present • Not linked with present
Verbs: Expressing the future

• Will/Shall: Form
Will/Shell + root form of the verb
Uses
1.Offering to do something
2.Agreeing to do something
3.Promising to do something
4.Asking somebody to do something
5.To express an action over which the speaker dose not have any control
6. To talk about the future in a general form
Going to form

• Is/am/are + going+ root form of the verb

• Uses :
• To suggest someone's intention to do something in the near the future
• Predictions of the future
• Future continuous tense
• Form- Will/Shall+ Be + Ing for of the verb
• Use- To denote an action that will be progress in given moment in future
• Future perfect tense
• Form Will/Shall + Have + Past participial of the verb
• Use – To denote an action that will have been completed before a given movement in
the future…
Verbs: Expressing the Past
• Form of past tense
1.Positive: had
2.Negative: had not, did not have
3.Interrogative: have you? Did you have?
• Positive Statements- Past tense of the verb
• Negative Statements- Subject+ Did not+ root form of the verb
• Interrogative statements- Did+ subject + root form the verb+ question word+ did +subject+
root form of the verb
• Simple Present Tense
• Form- Past tense of the verb …….. Did not+ root form of the verb
• Uses- Actions that took place at some moment in the past
Actions that took place over a period of time in a past
To denote past habits
Verbs: Expressing the Past
Past continuous tense
• Affirmative sentences - was/were + -ing form of the verb
• Negative sentences – not inserted after the first part of the verb
• Interrogative sentences – the first part of the verb put before the subject
• Past Continuous Tense
Form- was/were + -ing form of the verb (Positive)
was/were + not + -ing form of the verb (Negative)

Simple past and past continuous tense both are used to9gether to denote an
action that took place in the past while another action is in progress
 Past Perfect Tense
• Had + past participial form of the verb
• The past perfect tense is used to express an action completed before a given past moment
• Past prefect tense
• Form-had + past participle form of the verb
had + not + past participle form of the verb
Uses- to express actions completed before a given past moment
- with such verbs such as hope, expect, think etc., to suggest that the past hope, intention was
not realized
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Have been + has been + -ing form of the verb
• Form-Have been/ Has been + ing form of the verb (positive)
Have been/ Has been + not + ing form of the verb (negative)
Past Perfect Continues Tense
had been + + -ing form of the verb
• Form-Has been + ing form of the verb (positive)
Has been + not + ing form of the verb (negative)
Uses- Action which began before a definite moment in the past and
were still in progress at that moment , had very recently finished.
 Since, For , Used to: Use
• Since- The emphasis is on the point at which an action started
• For- The emphasis is on the period for which an action has been going on.
Used to: USE
Form- Positive- used to + root form of the verb in all persons
- Negative- used not to/ used to +
- Interrogative- did + subject + use to +
Short answers are formed with did.
Uses-
1. Used to means that something often happened in the past but dose not happen
now
2. There is no present tense of used to
Verbs

• A verb denotes an action or being or possession

• Transitive, Intransitive and Incomplete verbs
• Transitive- A verb that requires an object to complete its meaning is
called a transitive verb.
• Intransitive verbs- A verb that dose not require any object to complete
its meaning but has a complete meaning by itself is called intransitive
verb.
• Incomplete Verbs- Verbs like be (is, am, are, was, were, will be , shall
be, etc) , become, appear, seem, and look are incomplete verbs. They
need complement's to complete their meaning
Direct and Indirect Objects, Auxiliary,
Modals
• Direct Object- A noun or pronoun that directly receives the action
denoted by the verb in a sentences is called direct object.
• Indirect Object- A noun or pronoun that direct object (or is affected
by it) is called indirect object.
• Auxiliary and Main Verbs
• Auxiliary verbs are used with main verbs to form tenses, passive
forms. (Be, Have, and Do are primary auxiliary verbs)
• Modals- Modals have only form. They are never used alone expect in
question tags.
Fine and Non-finite Verbs
• Verbs which do not follow the tense are non infinite verb
• Verbs which follow tense are called finite verb
• Chief Parts of a Verb
The chief parts of a verb are
1. The present tense (First Form)
2. The past tense (Second Form)
3. The past participial (Third Form)
Strong And Weak Verbs
1. Weak verbs form their past tense by adding ed, d, t to the present.
2. Strong Verbs from their past tense by changing their inside vowel of
their present tense.