GEOGRAPHY OF THE

STATE OF MANIPUR
Physiography
Manipur lies at the lower tip of Sub-
Himalayan range that gradually tapers down
south into the Bay of Bengal. It is a hilly state
that uniquely locates between the Barak
valley plains to the west and plains of
Myanmar to the East.

Total Geographical Area: 22327 km²

Total Forest Cover : 16846.90 km²

Hilly area: 20089km²

Valley area: 2238km²

Elevation : 790 metres (2,600 feet)

Latitude : 23º83’N - 25º68’N

Longitude : 93º03’E - 94º78’E

 •It comprises of 1820 sq.km flat plateau of alluvial
valley surrounded by nine hill ranges in circles
creating a hill and turf geography and 20597
sq.km of hill territory.
•The valley is oval shaped and situated 2600ft
above sea level
•It falls under the South-East Asian region.
•Manipur is bounded by Nagaland in the North,
Mizoram in the south, upper Myanmar in the East
and the Cachar district of Assam in the west.

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 Soil
The soil of Manipur can be divided into two
broad types
1. The red ferruginous soil in the hill area
2. The alluvium soil in the valley
The valley soil contains loam , small rock
fragments, sand and sandy clay. The soil of
plains particularly at flood plains and deltas
is quite thick.
The top soil on the steep slopes is very thin.
Soil on the steep hill slopes is subjected to
high erosion resulting in gullies and barren
rock slopes.
 Soil Type
• Soil types: Inceptisols, ultisols, entisols
and alfisols

•Soil Textures: Fine clay, clay loamy and

fine loamy clay

•pH range: 4.91 – 5.72 ( Acidic)

 Climatic Factors
Annual rainfall: 1250 mm – 2700mm

Minimum temperature: 1-2ºC

Maximum temperature: 32-34ºC

The climate is variable and is largely

influenced by topography. The western
region is tropical while the rest of the state
experiences a subtropical climate. The
climate is temperate in the valley and cold in
the hills.

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 The climate of Manipur can be broadly classified into
a) Temperate prevailing in the higher altitude of hill where temperate fruits
and vegetables can be grown throughout the year,
b) Sub-tropical prevailing in the lower attitudes hills and central valley plain
where winter lasts from November to February and rainy season from May
to September. The transition period of March, April and October can be
described as spring and autumn though short,
c) Tropical prevailing in Jiri plains and foothills- during March. In this plain
and foothills all the tropical crops can be raised.
The temperature ranged from sub-zero to 36ºC

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 RAINFALL

The rainfall in the state is around 1435 mm.

Monsoon confers upon Manipur
a very handsome rain as seen below : -
South-West monsoon ( June-Sept.) - 825 mm
Post monsoon period ( Oct. to Dec. ) - 151 mm
Winter monsoon ( Jan. to Feb. ) - 52 mm
Pre monsoon ( March – May ) - 407 mm
Total - 1435 mm

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Forest cover
Forest cover of Manipur is 77.20% of the state’s
total geographical area.
Major forest types are Tropical Wet Evergreen
Forest, Tropical moist deciduous forests, Sub-
tropical pine forest, tropical dry deciduous forest,
montane wet temperate forest and Sub-alpine forest.
There are 37 Reserved forests and 23 Protected
Forests in Manipur covering 1467 km and 4171 km
respectively.
 Flora found in
Manipur
Number of species:
Tree species​ Orchids Bamboo

151 500 55

Angiosperms​
Medicinal plants​ Edible fungi​

1200 34 4000

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 Some Flora Species
Sl.no. Common Name Scientific Name
1 Uningthou/Bonsam Phoebe hainesiana
2 Shirui Lily Lilium mackliniae
3 Dzuko lily Lilium chitrangadae
4 Tree bean Parkia roxburghii
5 Fried-egg orchid Dendrobium chrysotoxum
6 Many flowered fox brush orchid Aerides multiflora
7 Nong-mang-kha Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis
8 Night shade Solanum xanthocarpum
9 Fish mint Houttuniya cordata
10 Narin cheng-gum Termitomyces eurrhizus

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Lilium mackliniae Dendrobium chrysotoxum Bauhinia variegata
(Shirui lily) (Fried-egg orchid) (Purple orchid tree)
 Pinus roxburghii Parkia roxburghii
Phoebe hainesiana
(Chir Pine) (Tree bean)
(Bonsam)
MEDICINAL PLANTS

Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis Houttuniya cordata Solanum xanthocarpum

(Nong-mang-kha) (Fish Mint) (Night shade)
Fauna found in
Manipur

Number of species:

Birds Fish Migratory aquatic Mammals Reptiles &

birds Amphibians

500 170 21 120 100

 Some Fauna Species
Sl.no. Common Name
1 Sangai
2 Mrs. Hume’s Pheasant
3 Pengba
4 Great hornbill
5 Malayan sun bear
6 Leopard
7 Tiger
8 Slow Loris
9 Hoolock Gibbon
10 Pangolin
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Scientific Name
Rucervus eldii eldii
Syrmaticus humiae
Osteobrama belangeri
Buceros bicornis
Helarctos malayanus
Panthera pardus
Panthera tigris
Nycticebus bengalensis
Hoolock leuconedys
Manis crassicaudata
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Rucervus eldii eldii Syrmaticus humiae Buceros bicornis
(Sangai) (Nongin) (Great Hornbill)
Nycticebus bengalensis (Slow Hoolock leuconedys Helarctos malayanus
Loris) (Hoolock Gibbon) (Malayan sun bear)
 PROTECTED
AREAS
Wildlife Sanctuary

• Keibul Lamjao National Park

There are 2 National Parks and
5 Wildlife Sanctuaries in
Manipur.

Wildlife Sanctuary

• Yangoupokpi Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary

• Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary
• Jiri-Makru Wildlife Sanctuary
• Bunning Wildlife Sanctuary
• Zeilad Lake Wildlife Sanctuary

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 topic 5
The bacteria & archaea
kingdoms
Bacteria and archaea throughout the ages 
100%
90%
80%
70%
Eukarya 
60%
Archaea
50% Bacteria
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Proterozioc Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic

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 Click icon to add picture

lesson summary

• The seven kingdoms of nature are animals (animalia), plants (plantae), fungi, chromista, protozoa, arachea,
and bacteria.
• The number of recognized kingdoms has grown over time, from 2 in 1735, to 5 in 1969, to 7 in 2015. As we learn more, this number
might grow.
• Viruses are not currently included in any kingdom of nature.

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 THANK YOU

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