RESTRICTIVE AND

NONRESTRICTIVE CLAUSES
A restrictive clause contains information

wthiechmiseaneincegssinatreynfdoerdt.heThsenre

tesnhcoeuldto bde livnoer commas before and

after the clause.
Examples of restrictive clauses
1. The government supports people who
are sixty years old and above through
the senior citizens’ discount.
2. Some senior citizens who are aware of
this program appreciate what the
government is doing for them.
3. The legislator who authored this law
needs to be commended.
More examples
4. Some people who are in excellent

physical condition enjoy brisk walking.

5. The joggers’ path which has been
purposely constructed for them is

lsiunrerdouwnitdhedatwtriathctisvh
eafdloy wtreeressa. nd
NONRESTRICTIVE CLAUSES
□ These are clauses that are not really

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einfosernmteanticoen. . TC h o e m y

mjuasst are used to set off these

nonessential elements.
EXAMPLES OF
NONRESTRICTIVE CLAUSES
1. My pet dog, which is a poodle, got lost.
2. The poodle , which is named Chiquitita, is
almost two years old.
3. Her caretaker, who is responsible for her, is
heart broken.
4. The family, who loves this pet dog, is also
very unhappy over her disappearance.
Appositives and adjective
clauses
1. Dr. Sevilla, who is a multi-awarded scientist,
has been a Dean in the college of Science.
2. The articles which he wrote have been
published in several international journals.
3. His pet project, which is about stem cells,

4.
will
His be presented
research in awhich
studies research
are congress.
truly
significant have earned him the title
Scientist of the Year.
Exercises
State whether the clauses are Restrictive

tohreNyoanre snteriecdtievde. Put

commas where
1. Jogging
is which
only for is a strenuous exercise
the fit.
2. Jogging shoes which are part of the
attire have special features.
3. Walking which is a less strenuous exercise
is recommended for the elderly.
4. Staying fit which is essential in
counteracting the effects of aging should
not be taken for granted.
5. Some illnesses which can be alleviated
through exercise are arthritis, rheumatism,
and diabetes.
APA- American Psychological
Association
Requires:
1.
In-text citations to acknowledge
sources
2. References –include only the sources
used; appears on a separate sheet at
the end of the paper
In-text citations
1. Paraphrased or summarized sources

paa. reAnutheosrensa; mexe.

a(Cndrudz,at2e00in3)
b. Esther Cruz (2003)
notes…(says…,states…,argues…)
2. Source of a short quotation
a. (Cruz, 2003, p. 150)
3. Source of a long quotation – put

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n0u) mber at the
References
□
Centered without quotation marks,
italics or underlining
□
Start each entry on a new line and
double- space all lines; student papers
use the hanging indent style.
 Leave one space after every end-
punctuation mark.
□ Alphabetize by the author’s last
name.
□
Use last names, first initials, and middle
initials of authors. For two or more,
use the ampersand(&) instead of and
before the last author’s name.
□
Only the first word and proper nouns in
the title begin with a capital letter.
□
Drop the words Co., Inc., Publishers
and the like but retain Books or Press.
□
For US Publishers, give the city and add the
state for all US cities except Baltimore,
Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York,
Philadelphia, and San Francisco.
□
For publishers in other countries, give city
and country spelled out; no country is needed
for the ff.: Amsterdam, Jerusalem, London,
Milan, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Stockholm,
Tokyo, and Vienna.
Citations for books
□ Four main parts: author, date, title,

publication information
□ Book with one author
Ex. Cruz, E. (2003). Interactive
technical
writing. Manila, Philippines:UST Publishing
House.
□ Book with 2 authors:

Villamarzo, P., & Relis, J. (2003).

Functional oral communication.
Manila, Philippines: UST
Publishing House.
□ Three or more authors – include all the

authors; more than six, use et al.

ex. Firme, L., Vizconde, C.,
Dayao, H., Villamarzo, P., &
Panerio, C.
City, Philippines:
(2009). English.com. Abiva.
Quezon
□ For corporate authors
Ex. Boston Women’s Health Collective.
(2008). Our bodies, ourselves for
the new century. New York:
Simon & Schuster.
□
Book with an author and an editor
Foley, J. (2008). Teaching strategies
(R. Nunan, Ed.). New York:
Norton.
□
Unpublished dissertation
Byers, M. (2002). Buffy the
Vampire
Slayer: The Insurgence of television
as a performance text. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, University of
Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
□ Signed article in a daily newspaper

Evangelista, P. (2008,November 20).

The day the young were explored.
The Philippine Daily Inquirer, p.5A.


Article in a journal with continuous pagination

Tyson, P. (2007). The psychology of
women. Journal of the American

Psychoanalytic Association, 46, 361-364.

□ Article in a journal that pages each

issue separately
Adler-Kassner, L. & Estrem, H. (2003).
Rethinking research writing: Public
literacy in the composition class-
room. WPA: Writing Program
Administration, 26(3), 119-131.
□ Electronic sources
Society for Technical Communication.
(2008). Retrieved October 29,2008,
from http://www.stc.org
□ From a database
Goldbort, R. C. (2005, August). Scientific

wJ oruitrinnagl aosf aEnnvairrot namndenatsaal

Hsecaieltnhc,e6. 3(7),
pp. 22-25. Retrieved October 18,2008, from
Expanded Academic ASAP database.