University of al Fasher

Faculty of Medical laboratory Science

Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology

Immunochromatographic Test for malaria

Prepared by / group (8)

Supervisor / Mr Naserdeen . M . Karshom
OUTLINES
• What is malaria?
• Diagnosis of malaria
• Introduction to ICT
• Principle
• Tools
• Method
• safety
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• summary
WHAT IS MALARIA?
• Malaria is a life threating disease caused by the parasites that are
transmitted to people through the bites of infected female anopheles
mosquitoes.
• It’s caused by plasmodium species ( plasmodium falciparum , plasmodium
vivax , plasmodium ovale , plasmodium malariae , plasmodium knowlesi )
• According to the last statistical studies of WHO , there were an estimated
228 million cases of malaria 93% of cases occurred in Africa.
• Malaria disease starts uncomplicated but when it treated carelessly it will be
sever and it may led to death hence the early diagnosis of malaria is
required.
DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA
1/ Clinical diagnosis
• Based in patient's symptoms and physical findings
2/ Microscopic diagnosis
• Operated by blood smear stained by giemsa stain and observed under the microscope
3/ Antigen detection
• Its rapid diagnostic test to detect antigen by using cassette such in (ICT)
4/ SEROLOGY
• Preformed by indirect florescent in order to detect antibodies (IFA)
5/ Molecular diagnosis
• Polymerase chain reaction is used to detect the nucleic acid of the parasite (it is
sensitive but not rapid so it is usable in researches)
INTRODUCTION TO ICT
• The ICT for malaria p.f/p.v test is rapid immunochromatogrphic assay ,
manufactured in test card form
• This test introduced in the early 1990s
• It is highly recommended during epidemics or within endemic areas for its
unique characteristics
PRINCIPLE
• ICT is principally Lateral flow immuno-chromatographic antigen-
detection test.
• The detected antigens includes (HRP2 , PLDH and aldolase)
• The antigens are captured by their target labeled antibodies
making antibody-antigen complex and appear at the test band.
• If there're no antigen the labeled antibodies migrate to control
band
CONT.………
TOOLS
• RDTS cassette
• Lysis buffer
• Catton
• Lancet
• 70% ethyl alcohol
• Pester pipette
METHOD
SAFETY
• Wear your gloves and lab coat
• Deal with the lancet carefully to avoid infection
• Dispose the lancet in safety box
• Dispose the cassette with hazardous materials
ADVANTAGES OF ICT
• Rapid diagnostic test
• Cheap
• Simple and easy to use
• Sensitive
• Accurate
• Suitable to be carried as out pateine method
DISADVANTAGES
summary