DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A DC - DC

BOOST CONVERTER WITH PID CONTROLLER

FOR ENHANCED PERFORMANCE

PROJECT TEAM UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

M.Mahendhar 18B41A0206 Asst . Prof: C.Pradeep M.Tech-EEE
V.Harsha vardhan 19B45A0224
G.Manasa 19B45A0207
M.Sriram 18B41A0205
CONTENTS:
1.INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS BOOST CONVERTER
 CONCEPT OF DC DC CONVERTERS
 DIFFERENT TYPE OF CONVERTERS
 WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF BOOST CONVERTER

2.HISTORY
3.SIMULATION MODELS
 CONVENTIONAL BOOST CONVERTER
 PROPOSED BOOST CONVERTER WITH PID SYSTEM
 COMPARISON RESULTS

4.WHAT IS PID CONTROLLER

 DEFINITION
 TUNING METHODS OF PID CONTROLLER
 USES OF PID CONTROLLER

5.ADVANTAGES OF BOOST CONVERTER WITH PID CONTROLLER

6.REAL TIME APPLICATIONS
7.FUTURE SCOPE
8.CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION

POWER ELECTRONICS IS A NEW KIND OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DUE TO ITS VERSATILITY IN

TERMS OF FIELDS OF APPLICATION LIKE ENERGY CONSERVATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY
SYSTEM, BULK UTILITY ENERGY STORAGE, ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES AND INDUSTRIAL
AUTOMATION. WHEN IT COMES TO POWER CONVERSION, A DC-DC CONVERTER PLAYS A
SIGNIFICANT ROLE RESULTING IN WIDESPREAD APPLICATIONS IN CELLULAR PHONES, LAPTOPS
AND COMPUTERS, LED DRIVERS, MAXIMIZING ENERGY HARVEST FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC
SYSTEMS AND FOR WIND TURBINES, ELECTRIC VEHICLES, HYDRO POWER PLANTS AND MANY
MORE.
WHAT IS BOOST CONVERTER
A BOOST CONVERTER (STEP-UP CONVERTER) IS A DC-TO-DC POWER
CONVERTER THAT STEPS UP VOLTAGE (WHILE STEPPING DOWN CURRENT)
FROM ITS INPUT (SUPPLY)TO ITS OUTPUT (LOAD).
 CONCEPT OF DC - DC CONVERTERS
DC-DC CONVERTERS ARE HIGH-FREQUENCY POWER CONVERSION CIRCUITS THAT USE HIGH-
FREQUENCY SWITCHING AND INDUCTORS, TRANSFORMERS, AND CAPACITORS TO SMOOTH OUT
SWITCHING NOISE INTO REGULATED DC VOLTAGES. CLOSED FEEDBACK LOOPS MAINTAIN CONSTANT
VOLTAGE OUTPUT EVEN WHEN CHANGING INPUT VOLTAGES AND OUTPUT CURRENT
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF DC DC CONVERTER
1.BUCK CONVERTERS 2.BOOST CONVERTERS 3.BUCK BOOST CONVERTERS
1.BUCK CONVERTERS: THE BUCK CONVERTERS ARE USED TO CONVERT THE HIGH INPUT VOLTAGE TO LOW OUTPUT VOLTAGE.
IN THIS CONVERTER CONTINUOUS OUTPUT CURRENT GIVES THE LESS OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLES.

2.BOOST CONVERTERS: THE BOOST CONVERTERS ARE USED TO CONVERT THE LOWER INPUT VOLTAGE TO HIGHER OUTPUT
VOLTAGE. IN A STEP UP CONVERTER OR A BOOST CONVERTER WHEN SWITCH IS CLOSED, THE LOAD GETS VOLTAGE SUPPLY FROM
THE CAPACITOR WHICH CHARGES THROUGH THE CURRENT PASSING THROUGH THE INDUCTOR AND WHEN SWITCH IS OPEN,
THE LOAD GETS SUPPLY FROM THE INPUT STAGE AND THE INDUCTOR.

3.BUCK BOOST CONVERTERS: IN BUCK BOOST CONVERTER, THE OUTPUT CAN BE MAINTAINED HIGHER OR LOWER,
WHICH DEPENDS ON THE SOURCE VOLTAGE. WHEN THE SOURCE VOLTAGE IS HIGH THEN OUTPUT VOLTAGE IS LOW AND SOURCE
VOLTAGE IS LOW THEN OUTPUT VOLTAGE IS HIGH.
 What is the needs of boost converter

Boost converters can increase the voltage and reduce the cell numbers.
Two battery-powered
applications that use boost converters are hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and
lighting systems.
The NHW20 model Toyota Prius HEV utilizes 500 V. If there is no boost
converter, the HEV
would need nearly 417 cells to power its motor.
HISTORY
 THE GENERATION OF A COMMERCIAL SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCH SUCH AS THE BOOST
CONVERTER IN THE 1950S REPRESENTED A MAJOR MILESTONE THAT MADE SMPSS
POSSIBLE.
 THE MAIN DC TO DC CONVERTERS WERE DEVELOPED IN THE EARLY 1960S WHEN
SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES WERE AVAILABLE. SWITCHED SYSTEMS SUCH AS SMPS ARE A
CHALLENGE TO DESIGN SINCE ITS MODEL DEPENDS ON WHETHER A SWITCH IS OPENED OR
CLOSED.
 R. D. MIDDLEBROOK FROM CALTECH IN 1977 PUBLISHED THE MODELS FOR DC TO DC
CONVERTERS IN MARKET TODAY. HE AVERAGED THE CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS FOR EACH
SWITCH STATE IN A TECHNIQUE CALLED STATE-SPACE AVERAGE MODELLING. THIS
SIMPLIFICATION RESULTED IN REDUCTION OF TWO SYSTEMS INTO ONE.
 THIS MODEL LED TO INSIGHTFUL DESIGN EQUATIONS WHICH HELPED SMPS GROWTH
CONVENTIONAL BOOST CONVERTER
CONVENTIONAL DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER IS COMPOSED OF A BOOST
INDUCTOR, TWO SEMICONDUCTORS (A DIODE AND A SWITCHING
DEVICE) AND AN OUTPUT CAPACITOR IN PARALLEL WITH THE LOAD
 SIMULATIN AND RESULTS
Voltage(volts)

current(amps)
Time(sec) Time(sec)

 Output voltage plot of conventional Boost converter operating at 50% duty cycle for input voltage 12v
 PROPOSED BOOST CONVERTER WITH PID SYSTEM

1. THE PROPOSED CONVERTER IS SIMILAR TO THE CONVENTIONAL BOOST CONVERTER BUT

DIFFERS ONLY IN THE INCORPORATION OF A PID CONTROLLER WHICH IS EXTENSIVELY USED IN
MANY PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE.
2. WHICH IS FEASIBLE FOR PROPOSED CONVERTER. INITIAL OVERSHOOT IS A PRIME CONCERN FOR
OPERATING MACHINES IN INDUSTRIES AND OUR AIM FOR DESIGNING A CONVERTER WITH GOOD
VOLTAGE REGULATION AND OVERSHOOT REDUCTION IS POSSIBLE PID CONTROLLER.
SIMULATION AND RESULTS
o THE SUBSYSTEM CONTAINS GAIN,PID
CONTROLLER,PWM GENERATOR

o The above model is MATLAB simulated boost converter with PID controller
 current(amps)
VOLTAGE(VOLTS)

Time(sec) Time(sec)

 Output voltage plot of proposed Boost converter with PID controller operating at 50% duty cycle for input
voltage 12V
 COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND PROPOSED BOOST
CONVERTER
Conventional boost converter Conventional boost converter
with PID controller
Input voltage Output voltage Percentage Output voltage Percentage
overshoot overshoot
12V 24.18 52.04% 24.01 10.3%

i. Simulation results realize improved constant output voltage with tracking of reference voltage by Trial and Error
method it’s a tuning technique of PID control.
ii. The above results shows that output voltage of proposed boost converter which is very nearer to set point value.
Compare to conventional boost converter out put voltage results.
iii. Also we managed to reduce the initial peak overshoot which is clearly visible in above comparison table.
WHAT IS PID CONTROLLER

DEFINITION:
 IT IS A INSTRUMENT USED IN INDUSTRIAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS LIKE
TEMPERATURE,FLOW,PRESSURE,..
 PID – PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL DERIVATIVE
DIFFERENT TUNING METHODS:
 PID CONTROLLER IS TUNED BASED ON THE SYSTEM TO OBTAIN DESIRED RESPONSE
 THE DIFFERENT TUNINGS METHODS ARE: TRAIL AND ERROR , ZIEGLER-NICHOLS,.
 AMONG THESE “TRAIL AND ERROR” METHOD IS MOST FREQUENTLY USED.
 Uses of PID controller
HERE WE SEE PID CONTROLLER NEED IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATIONS.

 The PID controller mainly used metallurgical process.

 Drying and evaporating solvents from painted surfaces even too much temperature can damage and
poor appearance PID can regulate temperature precisely.
 Baking the commercial ovens must follow tightly prescribe heating and cooling sequence to ensure the
necessary reactions take place.
 Closed loop control of brushless dc motor.
 The power electronic converters.
 Temperature control of furnace.
ADVANTAGES OF BOOST CONVERTER WITH PID CONTROLLER
 The point is the boost converter is capable of giving higher boost than buck-boost converter without deteriorating its
efficiency much. For the boost of 2 buck boost converter will have at least 10% less efficiency than the boost
converter.
 The boost converter can run on low operating duty cycles.
 Lower voltage on MOSFET.
 The input current is continuous which is very desirable for sources like PV or battery.
 The output voltage is positive it is opposed to the buck-boost converter which makes the control is easy.
 The switch used here has the common ground with the source which makes the drive circuit and control circuit
arrangement easier.
REAL TIME APPLICATIONS OF BOOST CONVERTER
 AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
 POWER AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS
 ADAPTIVE CONTROL APPLICATIONS
 BATTERY POWER SYSTEMS
 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
 COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS BATTERY CHARGING
CIRCUITS
 IN HEATERS AND WELDERS
 DC MOTOR DRIVES
 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CIRCUITS
 DISTRIBUTED POWER ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM
FUTURE SCOPE
A CONSTANT INCREASE IN THE UTILIZATION OF DC-DC CONVERTERS ACROSS THE RAILROADS SECTOR, AS WELL
AS A RISING DEMAND FOR DC-DC CONVERTERS IN ELECTRIC CARS, ARE SOME OF THE CURRENT TRENDS
PROJECTED TO INFLUENCE THE GROWTH OF THE GLOBAL DC-DC CONVERTERS MARKET. IN THE COMING YEARS,
BOTH MALAYSIA AND INDIA INTEND TO SELECT FREQUENCY BANDS TO ROLL OUT 5G COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE NATIONS. ADVANCE FEATURES IN VEHICLES, SUCH AS LED LIGHTING, V2X
COMMUNICATION MODULES, ADVANCED DRIVER-ASSISTANCE SYSTEM (ADAS) TECHNOLOGY, AND CONNECTIVITY
MODULES ARE LIKELY TO BOOST THE GLOBAL DC-DC CONVERTER MARKET IN THE YEARS TO COME.
CONCLUSION
THE PROPOSED BOOST CONVERTERS WITH PID CONTROLLER PROVIDES BETTER VOLTAGE REGULATION,
OVERSHOOT REDUCTION AND IMPROVES THE CONVERTER PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO THE CONVENTIONAL
BOOST CONVERTER. THIS PAPER SUCCESSFULLY PROVIDES A METHOD TO SATISFY THE OBJECTIVE OF DC-DC
CONVERTER TO MAINTAIN A CONSTANT OUTPUT VOLTAGE AT THE LOAD SIDE. THE PROPOSED CIRCUIT IS SIMPLE,
EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND CAN BE IMPLEMENTED WITH NO ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS THEREBY KEEPING SIZE
AND COST OF MANUFACTURING THE CONVERTER WITHIN CONSIDERABLE RANGE
ANY QUERIES:
THANK YOU