BasicBasic

cooling/refrigeration
refrigeration technology
technology

Senior cold chain equip. technicians training

January, 2015
 Basic refrigeration technology

Outline

 Basic principle of refrigeration cycle

 Type of refrigeration system
 Main application of refrigeration
 Basic principle of refrigeration cycle
 The refrigeration is the process of reducing
and maintaining the temperature of a space
or material below the temperature of the
surrounding

 Cold can not be produced! If an object

needs to be cooled down, it’s heat must be
transported somewhere else.
 Basic principle of refrigeration cycle
 In general refrigeration is defined as
any process of heat removal.

In this simple refrigerator, the heat of the wine is absorbed

by the cooler ice block. As a result, the ice is melting!
How does heat transfer in the basic
refrigeration cycle?
According to the second law of thermodynamics,
heat always flows from a material a high temperature
to a material at a low temperature.

For heat to be transfer, there has to be a temperature

difference between the materials.
How does heat transfer occur in the basic
refrigeration cycle?

• There are three methods of heat transfer.

They are conduction, convection, and radiation

Conduction The transfer of heat from molecule to

molecule through a substance by chain collision
Example: Heating one end of a copper tube will cause
the other end to get hot.
Heat transfer by

Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to a

different location by circulating it with a fan (force
movement) or natural movement.

Radiation is the transfer of heat in an invisible ray, for

example, sun ray. We cannot see it, but we can feel
the sun ray hits our skin.
What are the two forms of heat and where
does it take place in basic refrigeration cycle?

 Sensible Heat
 Latent Heat

The heat which increases the temperature of a

substance but do not change its phase/state is called
sensible heat.

The heat which causes a phase/state change of a

material without raising its temperature is called
latent heat.
Remember thermodynamics’ second law

Heat always flows from a material a high temperature

to a material a low temperature.

Since the evaporator is at a low temperature than the

air surrounding it, it will absorb the surrounding heat
until the refrigerant liquid inside the evaporator coils
starts boiling as result of absorb that heat.
 Type of refrigeration system

 vapor compression refrigeration system

 vapor absorption refrigeration

 Thermoelectric refrigeration
 Compression refrigeration system
Is named because it is the compressor which
changes the refrigerant vapor from low pressure to
high pressure. Comp. refr, are the more common &
the more efficient.
 Absorption refrigeration system
Uses a constant heat source to drive the refrigeration

The source may be,

an electric heater, a gas or
kerosene flame.
 Thermoelectric refrigeration system
The thermoelectric refrigeration system transfer
heat energy from one place to another, using
electrons instead of refrigerant.
 Main application of refrigeration
The application of refrigeration are many,
some of them are given below:
Storage, preservation and transportation, of

• Foods (meat, fish, fruit, vegetables and

fruit juices)
• Medical services (medicines, vaccines,
blood & human tissue)
• Agricultures (vegetables, fruit, flowers
etc.)
 Main application of refrigeration
Comfort, air conditioning, of public room, halls,
transportation, hospitals, residences, hotels,
offices etc.
 Main application of refrigeration
Industry (Manufacturing of plastics, beverage
processing of textiles, photographic material
etc)
Domestic & commercial appliance
(Preservation of goods at Home, supermarket &
Hotels)