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    hamza
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    HTTP is a protocol for transferring data over a network that is used for most internet communication. HTTPS encrypts HTTP requests and responses using TLS to secure them. A 3-tier architecture separates a web application into three logical layers - presentation, application, and data - to improve scalability, performance, and availability. Each tier can be developed and maintained independently.

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    HTTP is a protocol for transferring data over a network that is used for most internet communication. HTTPS encrypts HTTP requests and responses using TLS to secure them. A 3-tier architecture separates a web application into three logical layers - presentation, application, and data - to improve scalability, performance, and availability. Each tier can be developed and maintained independently.

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    8 views13 pages

    Three Tier

    Uploaded by

    hamza
    HTTP is a protocol for transferring data over a network that is used for most internet communication. HTTPS encrypts HTTP requests and responses using TLS to secure them. A 3-tier architecture separates a web application into three logical layers - presentation, application, and data - to improve scalability, performance, and availability. Each tier can be developed and maintained independently.

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    of 13

    HTTP VS HTTPs

    What is HTTP?
    HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, and it is a protocol – or a prescribed order and
    syntax for presenting information – used for transferring data over a network. Most
    information that is sent over the Internet, including website content and API calls, uses the
    HTTP protocol. There are two main kinds of HTTP messages: requests and responses.
    In the OSI model, HTTP is a layer 7 protocol.

    What is HTTPS?
    The S in HTTPS stands for "secure." HTTPS uses TLS (or SSL) to encrypt HTTP requests
    and responses, so in the example above, instead of the text, an attacker would see a bunch of
    seemingly random characters.
    Instead of:
    GET /hello.txt HTTP/1.1
    User-Agent: curl/7.63.0 libcurl/7.63.0
    OpenSSL/1.1.l zlib/1.2.11
    Host: www.example.com Accept-Language: en
    The attacker sees something like:
    t8Fw6T8UV81pQfyhDkhebbz7+oiwldr1j2gHBB3L3RFTRsQCpaSnSBZ78Vme+DpDVJPvZdZUZHpzbbcqmSW1+3xX
    URI Vs URL Vs URN
    1. URI stands for Uniform Resource identifier. URI is a sequence of characters
    used to identify resource location or a name or both over the World Wide
    Web. The most popular URI schemes, are HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP.
    2. URL stands for Uniform Resource Location.URL is a subset of URI that
    describes the network address or location where the source is available.URL
    begins with the name of the protocol to be used for accessing the resource and
    then specific resource location. 
    3. A URN is a formal naming scheme that identifies a resource, but
    does not indicate its location or how to access it (e.g. ISBN, ISSN).
    question
    What happens when you type something
    in browser and hit enter?
    3 Tier
    • “3-tier architecture is a client-server
    architecture in which the functional
    process logic, data access, computer
    data storage and user interface are
    developed and maintained as
    independent modules on separate
    platforms.”
    Layers of 3-Tier
    • A “tier” in this case can also be referred
    to as a “layer”. The three tiers, or layers,
    involved include:
    • A Presentation Layer that sends
    content to browsers in the form of
    HTML/JS/CSS. This might leverage
    frameworks like React, Angular, Ember,
    Aurora, etc
    • An Application Layer that uses an
    application server and processes the
    business logic for the application. This might
    be written in C#, Java, C++, Python, Ruby,
    etc.
    • A Data Layer which is a database
    management system that provides access to
    application data. This could be MSSQL,
    MySQL, Oracle, or PostgreSQL, Mongo, etc
    Web sites based on data

    Web Client / user Web Server Database server


    1. User
    requests 2. HTTP request sent
    a page 3. SQL query 4. Server
    executes
    Runs program
    data returned query
    or script
    5. Server script
    Response copies data in
    Web page
    HTML format
    on screen

    The “three tier architecture”


    Run as slide show to see animated display .
    3-Tier Architecture
    Browser Web
    client server
    Browser sends Fetches file or runs
    URL to web server,
    requesting a file or Apache server side (php) script
    program web
    SQL programming interface:
    server
    SQL commands sent
    - results returned
    PHP 1
    Server returns results
    file and/or program outputs script
    2
    HTML5 CLI for PHP phpMyAdmin
    CSS and mysql provides separate
    PHP browser-based
    HTML: Browser displays (renders) MySQL GUI interface
    SQL
    resulting page 3 Database
    MySQL
    JavaScript: executed by browser Javascript
    HTTP (developer tools)
    jQuery AJAX: ‘direct’ asynchronous AJAX, jQuery notation
    web server connection JSON, web services
    Full stack development
    Integrated development

    Command Line Interface (CLI)


    mysql commands  performance
    (eg in MobaXterm) provides
    php in CLI error reporting
    alternative DB interface

    Also online meandeviation.com PHP syntax tool


    Some technologies to use

    Web Client / user Web Server Database server


    Any Web browser
    Client languages:
    HTML, CSS, Apache (most popular)
    JavaScript Server language:
    PHP MySQL
    Query language:
    SQL

    Bundled in the package


    In practice: code
    <html> 
     …
    <body> 
      <h1>PHP and MySQL databases</h1> 

    <?php 
    $con = mysql_connect(“hostname","user","password"); 
    mysql_select_db(“databasename", $con);
    ?> The lines in red are server commands,
    Embedded in the HTML code.

    http://www.boisvert.me.uk/run/elcid.html?
    file=users/charles/PHP_and_MySQL.xml
    (http://localhost/run/elcid.html?file=users/charles/PHP_and_MySQL.xml)
    Benefits
    Of
    3-Tier
    Architecture
    • Three-Tier Architecture provides the following benefits.
    • Scalability—Each tier can scale horizontally. For example, you
    can load-balance the Presentation tier among three servers to
    satisfy more Web requests without adding servers to the
    Application and Data tiers.
    • Performance—Because the Presentation tier can cache
    requests, network utilization is minimized, and the load is
    reduced on the Application and Data tiers. If needed, you can
    load-balance any tier.
    • Availability—If the Application tier server is down and caching
    is sufficient, the Presentation tier can process Web requests
    using the cache.
    Limitations of 3 Tier

    • You must manually push templates, assets, private assets,


    uploaded images, and uploaded files from the Application tier to
    the Presentation tier. You may use a tool like Robocopy to do
    this.
    • You create content (HTML, assets, PageBuilder pages, etc.)
    only in the Application tier. You can only view content from
    Presentation tier.
    • Because Three-Tier Architecture uses WCF, it requires:
    – the 8.5 Framework API and databinding. You cannot use API calls
    outside of the Framework API.
    – templated server controls.
    – widgets created by the Framework API.
    • Because the business logic executes on the Application tier, its
    Web site directory must be identical to the Presentation tier's.
    • Using eSync with three-tier architecture

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