FLOORING

FLOOR COVERING

It’s a term to generally describe any finish material applied over a floor structure
to provide a walking surface.

Steps of flooring
 FLOORING MATERIALS

NATURAL FLOORING ARTIFICIAL FLOORING TYPES

MARBLE CERAMIC TILES

GRANITE VITRIFIED TILES
KOTTA STONE VINYL FLOORING
SLATE GLASS
HARD WOOD FLOORING
ENGINEERED WOOD
CORK FLOORING
LINOLEUM
 CARPET FLOORING

•NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL

•AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT COLOURS AND PATTERNS
•Carpet can help save energy as it is an important contributor to
the insulation of the indoor environment.
• Absorb sound 
• Slip-and-fall accidents occur on hard surface floors, not carpeted
floors.  
•Health: Carpet traps allergens, dust, and other contaminants,
holding them until they can be properly removed.
•Sustainable: New technologies have been introduced allowing
old carpet to be recycled into new carpet or other products;
according to one manufacturer's study, of 121 million pounds of
worn carpet collected, 85 percent was recycled into new carpet,
eliminating the need for acquiring raw materials.
 CARPET FLOORING

•Disadvantages of Carpet. Maintenance: Depending on your

lifestyle, carpet often requires a high level of maintenance, such as
occasional deep carpet cleaning and regular vacuuming.
Sensitivity: Carpet is a very sensitive floor covering material, due to
its ability to easily attract dirt and stains
 MARBLE FLOORING

Marble is a metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to the

heat and pressure of metamorphism. It is composed primarily of the
mineral calcite (CaCO3) and usually contains other minerals, such as clay
minerals, micas, quartz, pyrite, iron oxides, and graphite.
Color:   Marble is usually a light-colored rock.
Ability to Accept a Polish:   After being sanded with progressively finer
abrasives, marble can be polished to a high luster.
This allows attractive pieces of marble to be cut, polished, and used as floor
tiles, architectural panels, facing stone, window sills, stair treads, columns,
and many other pieces of decorative stone.
ADVANTAGES
•Durable
•Easy to clean
•High finished look
•Allergen free
 MARBLE FLOORING

Disadvantages of Marble
Marble requires proper care and maintenance. Acid should never be used on marble as it
shall loose its shine. Marble should be regularly polished over a period of time to give it a
new look.
If proper precautions are not taken the marble becomes yellowish in colour.
Italian marble is usually very soft and prone to cracks. Proper resins have to be used to make
the surface strong and solid and avoid further cracks.
Proper sealants should be used in marble flooring as the marble is highly porous and prone
to staining. It absorbs stains very quickly especially kitchen stains hence are not appropriate
for kitchen counter tops.
Marble is very heavy and lot of labour is required in lifting the stone. Only very professional
contractors can work with marble flooring and insert design infill’s in the floor.
Marble flooring becomes very cold in winter
 GRANITE FLOORING

Granite, a quartz-based stone, is often considered the queen of the stones for
flooring purposes

Granite can be particularly hard, and more durable

and water- and stain-resistant than other stones.
But there is no rules. There are soft granites.
And even if moisture-resistant, granite should be
sealed in moisture-prone rooms.
 KOTA STONE
Advantages
• It is hard, non-porous and a homogeneous material which can be widely used in different areas.

• It is not water absorbent and is anti-slip hence is the most perfect and hygienic flooring for humid areas.

• It is very strong and long lasting.

• The stone can be polished again if a fresh appearance is desired.

• Kota is resistant enough to fit to any climatic conditions – dry, humid or cold.

• It forms a heavy cum strong base for kitchen countertops. In many cases granite or marble slab counters

are fixed on top of the Kota stone base.

• It is economical, easily available and most durable natural stone available.

• It is a very good reflector of heat making it comfortable to walk on.

• They are available in slabs and tiles form and extremely cost effective as compared to other stones.

• It is economical, easily available and most durable natural stone available

 KOTA STONE
Disadvantages

It is not available in big slab sizes like marble or granite. Kota is a variety of
limestone which is very fragile hence it is available in smaller sizes.
Kota is not acid and alkali resistant and can be stained easily.
Continuous usage of Kota stone might result in flaking. However if it is well
maintained and polished regularly flaking of the stone might be prevented.
Its surface finish is not so lustrous as marble or granite.
The stone does need regular maintenance but care should be taken not to
drag heavy furniture over it.
 SLATE

Slate is a metamorphic rock(denoting or relating to rock that has

undergone transformation by heat, pressure, or other natural
agencies,) which is fine-grained and foliated and originates in former
sedimentary basins, where tectonic movements and heat transform
shale and mudstone into slate.
 HARD WOOD FLOORING
Laminated wood flooring

Laminated wooden flooring is a compressed fibre board planks covered by a

photographic image of wood stone or tile with a protective overlay
It laid in living areas ,studies and play rooms .
 HARD WOOD FLOORING

Engineering wood flooring

Composed of two or more layers of wood in the form of plank.The top layer is the
wood that is visible and the flooring is installed and is adhered to the core.
 HARD WOOD FLOORING

SOLID WOOD FLOORING

Each board is made from a single piece of wood typically 18 to 20 mm thick

Tongue and groove joint

COMPARISON OF SOLID WOOD WITH ENGINEERING WOOD
ARTIFICIAL FLOORING MATERIALS
 CERAMIC TILES
• Ceramic means “fired clay “and tile means “covering”
• Common raw materials are sand ,clay,talc,feldspar
• A ceramic tile is just clay that’s formed ,glazed and baked.
Glaze is a layer or coating of vitreous substance which has been
fired to fuse to ceramic object to color ,decorate,strengthen or
waterproof it
Without glazing ceramics would remain porous and would
remain unsuitable for holding liquids.
VITRIFIED TILES