BUILDING

MATERIALS AND
CONSTRUCTION
III
MODULE II
 ROOFING
MATERIALS

MODULE II
 CLAY TILES
Are used for covering sloped roofs.
Are overlapped or interlocked to create a strong
textural pattern.
Are fire resistant, durable and require low
maintenance.

ROOFING TILES
 CLAY TILES
They are heavy and require roof framing that is strong
enough to carry the weight of the tiles.
Are normally installed over a solid framework.
Special tile units are used at ridges, hips, rakes and
eaves.

ROOFING TILES
 TYPES OF ROOF TILES
MANGALORE PATTERN ROOFING TILES
HALF ROUND COUNTRY TILES
(SPANISH TILES)
ALLAHABAD TILES (ITALIAN TILES)

ROOFING TILES
 MANGALORE TILES
Are of flat pattern and
they are provided with
suitable projections so that
they interlock with each
other, when placed in
position.
These tiles are in red in
color and made of double
channeled Mangalore
pattern.
The special Mangalore tiles are available for hip, ridge and valley
portion of the roof.
They are thinner than brick and hence they should be carefully
handled to avoid any damage to them.
ROOFING TILES
According to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS): 654-1962,
the Mangalore pattern tiles are divided into two classes,
namely, Class AA and Class A.

ROOFING TILES
 CLAY HALF ROUND COUNTRY TILES
(Spanish Tiles)

These are laid in

pairs as undertiles and
overtiles.

The undertiles are

laid at a spacing of 26
cm with spaces not
less than 75mm The undertiles will be laid with their
between their edges narrow end towards the eaves.
and over them Whereas the overtiles will be laid with
overtiles are laid. their wide end towards the eaves.

ROOFING TILES
 ALLAHABAD TILES (Italian Tiles)
Consists of two
types- the top and
bottom tiles.
The bottom tiles
are flat, tapered
with upturned
flanges at the sides.
The overtiles are
half round and
tapered.
Both the tiles
slightly tapered Allahabad tiles are generally laid side by side
towards one end. and the joints are covered with half round tiles.

ROOFING TILES
ROOFING TILES
ROOFING TILES
 CONCRETE TILES
Concrete roof tile is
made of sand,
cement, and water.

The exact materials

vary somewhat with
each manufacturer
but basically contain
Portland cement, High-quality concrete tiles should last up
blended hydraulic to 50 years in arid climates and up to 30
cements and fly ash, years in hot, humid climates.
sand, and other
aggregates. Requires low maintenance.

ROOFING TILES
 CONCRETE TILES
Concrete tiles can be
surface colored with a
slurry of iron-oxide
pigments applied to the
surface or have the color
added to the concrete
mix for a more durable,
and expensive, through-
color.

Concrete tiles are

available in shapes that Most concrete roofing tiles are designed
simulate traditional clay with an interlocking channel on the left
styles. edge that is lapped by the next tile.
ROOFING TILES
STUDY OF ROOF
 LIGHT
ROOFING
MATERIA
LS
STUDY OF ROOF
 In addition to tiles,
there are a large number
of alternate light weight
roofing materials that
are available for sloped
roof.

LIGHT ROOFING
 The commonly used light roofing materials are:

ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEETS

GALVANIZED IRON SHEETS
CORRUGATED ALUMINIUM SHEETS
PVC SHEETS
SANDWICHED ALUMINIUM ROOF PANEL

LIGHT ROOFING
 ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEETS
AC sheets are the cheapest permanent roof covering
material available. They are prepared from a mixture
of cement and asbestos fibers.

The brands of AC sheets available in India are:

Deep corrugated sheets

Standard corrugated sheets
Trafford tile profile sheets (Trafford tiles)

LIGHT ROOFING
 DEEP CORRUGATED SHEETS
Are with 7 ½ corrugation.
With 1.05 m width and larger depth of corrugation of 55
mm.
Are also called big six corrugated AC sheets.

STANDARD CORRUGATED SHEETS

Are with 10 ½ corrugation.
With 1.05 m width and small depth of corrugation of 25 mm
only.
Are also called small section corrugated AC sheets.

LIGHT ROOFING
 TRAFFORD TILE PROFILE SHEETS
Are with 4 corrugation.
With 1.09 m width along alternate flat portion, the depth of
corrugation being 50mm.
Are also referred as Trafford tiles or tile profiled sheets.
Are available in different lengths, 1.25 to 3m.
Are also called angular section corrugated AC sheets.
Are more fragile than the above two corrugated sheets.

LIGHT ROOFING
 AC SHEETS PROPERTIES
Are commonly used for covering
factories, workshops, large halls with
long span roof trusses and so on.
Are cheap, fire resisting, light
weight, but have low heat insulation
and aesthetic value.
In cold climates, condensation takes
place in these sheets.
Break with the fall of heavy objects.
They do not need any protective
paint and cannot be eaten by the
pests.
These sheets can be sawn and
screwed.
LIGHT ROOFING
 AC SHEETS FIXING

The sheets should be laid with smooth side up.

Are usually laid with an end lap and this lap can be adjusted.
Holes for fixing the accessories must be drilled.
Sheets should be properly cut to avoid gaps.
The fixing can be done using bolts and screws.
Unsupported length of overhang at the eaves of the sheets should
not exceed 300 mm.
LIGHT ROOFING
 CORRUGATED GALVANIZED IRON SHEETS
Are prepared by pressing flat
wrought iron plates between rollers
with grooves and then they are
galvanized with a coat of zinc.
Are commonly known as GI sheets.
Corrugation help to increase
strength and rigidity.
Are available in lengths varying
from1.2 m to 3.6 m having width of
900 mm.
The thickness varies from 0.18 mm
to 1.6 mm.

LIGHT ROOFING
 CORRUGATED GALVANIZED IRON SHEETS
Are not breakable and can be handled easily.
High in initial cost when compared to AC sheets.
Easily corroded by atmospheric action.
Light weight
Maintenance cost is more due to periodic painting to
resist corrosion.
Noisy when something falls over
Not sound proof.

LIGHT ROOFING
 CORRUGATED ALUMINIUM SHEETS
Are light weight metal and
does not corrode like steel.
Is more expensive than GI and
AC sheets.
Requires low maintenance
and has also a good resale
value.
The sections available are
similar to GI sheets.
They are made from
aluminium alloy sheets.
Normal thickness of 0.5 to 0.8
mm provide good performance.

LIGHT ROOFING
 PVC ROOFING SHEETS
Are used mostly in temporary
construction, for car parks etc.
where a light roofing of pleasing
appearance is required.
Are corrosion resistant.
Transparent sheets with a light
transmission of not less than 70-
80% are available.
They may not wear well with
direct sunlight.
Are not fireproof.

LIGHT ROOFING
 SANDWICHED ALUMINIUM ROOF PANEL
Is a three layered structure.
A non aluminium core is
sandwiched in between two
thin aluminium layers.
The core will be a light
weight material and of low
strength.
Are used in those
applications where high
structural rigidity and low
weight is required. 
Better thermal and sound
insulation

LIGHT ROOFING
 ASPHALT SHINGLES

LIGHT ROOFING
 GUTTERS
Gutters are
functionally known as
metal channels
attached to structures
with down slopes to
enable water to
escape.
Leaking can cause
mold and other
damage to occur.

LIGHT ROOFING
 TYPES OF GUTTERS
Rectangular gutters
Half round gutters
K style or ogee gutters
Fascia style gutters

LIGHT ROOFING
 GUTTER MATERIALS
1. ALUMINUM
2. COPPER
3. SEAMLESS ALUMINUM
4. STEEL
5. VINYL
6. ZINC
7. DOWN SPOUTS

LIGHT ROOFING