NAME- ANAMIKA ROLLNO-27502320075 SEMESTER-5TH

SUBJECT- MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION SUBJECT CODE-504

TOPIC:PARTITION WALL
 INTRODUCTION
A partition wall is a thin internal wall which is constructed to divide the
space within the building into rooms or areas. A partition wall may be either
non-load bearing or load bearing. Generally, partition walls are non-load
bearing. A load-bearing partition wall is called an internal wall.

# They are constructed as thin sound insulated walls enclosing areas for
rooms within a building either on ground floor or for upper floors.
# They rest either on flooring concrete or on beams spanning between the
main walls.
# They may be taken either up to full floor height or up to 2.5 m. Generally,
they are designed to carry their own weight only.
# When the partition walls are designed to carry the loads coming on them
e.g., as support for floor joists, roof trusses, etc. then they are known as
load-bearing partitions.
 ADVANTAGES OF PARTITION WALL
• They divide the whole area into a number of rooms.
• They provide privacy to the inmates from sight and sound.
• They are light in weight and cheaper in cost of construction.
• Being thin in cross-section, they occupy lesser area of the floor.
• They can be easily constructed in any position.
• Requirements of a Good Partition Wall:

A GOOD PARTITION WALL SHOULD FULFILL THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS:

• It should be thin in cross-section so that maximum floor area can be utilized.
• It should provide adequate privacy in rooms both in respect of sight and
sound.
• It should be constructed from light, sound, uniform, homogeneous, durable
and sound insulated materials.
 SOUND INSULATION
Sound insulation is the reduction of airborne sound energy achieved by a
structure such as a partition, whether it be single or double panels, separating
a noise source from a quiet area. The inherent ability of partitions to resist the
transmission of sound is defined by its mean sound reduction index which
provides a subjective rating for such insulation. The effectiveness of any
structure as an insulator is determined by four parameters:
• (i) Weight,
• (ii) Homogeneity and uniformity,
(iii) Stiffness,
• (iv) Discontinuity or isolation.
• In general there is an increase in insulation of
about 5 dB for each doubling of weight. Improvements in insulation can be
obtained by complex wall structures, however there is no such thing as an
ultra light weight high efficiency acoustic partition. The weight of a wall is
the primary consideration in all the primary considerations in all designs for
sound insulation.
 TYPES OF PARTITION WALL
• Brick Partitions,
• Hollow block partitions,
• Clay block partitions,
• Concrete partitions,
• Wooden partitions,
• Straw board partitions,
• Glass block partitions,
• Plaster slab partitions,
• Metal partitions,
• Asbestos cement partitions, and
• Double glazed window.
 TYPES OF PARTITION WALL
BRICK PARTITIONS :
# They can be plain, reinforced or brick nogged. Plain brick partition of half
brick thickness should not be more than 2 m in height. In reinforced brick
partition of half brick thickness, reinforcement in the form of wire mesh or
hoop iron or steel bars is provided. They possess more strength and are more
durable.
#Brick nogging partition wall consists of brickwork built up within a
framework of wooden members. The wooden framework is comprised of
head, sill, vertical members known as studs, horizontal members known as
nogging pieces and cross braces. The studs are fixed at a distance generally 3
to 4 times of the length of a brick. The nogging pieces are kept at a distance
of about 60 cm.
#At intersection cross braces are
provided. Half brick partitions are filled
in the spaces between studs and
nogging pieces using 1 : 3 cement
mortar. The framework of timber in
contact with masonry should be coated
with coal tar. The bricks to be used for
partition should be properly soaked.
Both the surfaces of brick nogged
partition should be plastered. This
partition is fire-resistant and sound-
proof.
HOLLOW AND CLAY BLOCK PARTITIONS:

Hollow Block and Clay Block Partitions. Depending upon the type of
partition and degree of sound-proofing required, partitions varying in
thickness from 5 cm to 10 cm are provided. Hollow concrete block
partitions are built of individual units of concrete. Hollow clay blocks of
section 30 cm x 20 cm with thickness varying from 5 cm to 15 cm can also
be used. The blocks are provided with grooves on top, bottom and sides
to help in making the joints rigid and serve as a key to plaster. The
surfaces of blocks are kept glazed in different colours. The blocks are fire
and sound
proof. They do not change their volume and are lighter in weight.
 CONCRETE PARTITIONS:
The concrete partitions can be either precast or cast in-situ. Special
concrete posts are used for the construction of precast concrete
partition walls. The thickness of solid concrete slab is kept as 4 cm.
Precast T- shaped or L-shaped units can also be used. The wall panels
are in two sizes 100 x 20 x 4 cm and 80x 20 x 4 cm on longer side and
the shorter side in both panels is 20 x 20 x 4 cm, These have a groove
on the top edge and a tongue projection at the bottom edge.

The advantages of this technique are:

(i) It requires less casting area,
(ii) Produces self- finished surface on both
faces thereby avoiding
screening and trowelling associated with
horizontal casting,
(iii) Reduces handling operations,
and (iv) Ensures better dimensional control.

Pre-cast Concrete Partition

WOODEN PARTITIONS
They are lighter in weight and easy to construct. They are quite cheap in
remote localities where timber is available in plenty. They are neither fire-
proof nor sound-proof. They are not suitable for damp locations like ground
floors or basement floors.
Broadly, they can be divided into two types, i.e.,
(i) Common partitions,
(ii) Trussed partitions.

COMMON WOODEN PARTITION.

COMMON PARTITIONS
They are comprised of vertical members known as studs bridged
between upper horizontal member known as head and lower
horizontal member known as sill. In order to make the studs more
stiff horizontal pieces known as nogging pieces are introduced in
between the studs. On an opening, a stud of short length known as
puncheon is used. Timber partitions should not rest on the floor
boards. The sill should either be at right angles or over the joists of
floor below. The nogging pieces are inserted in the studs and
nailed. The finishing to partition is given either by providing plaster
or by fixing plywood sheets or by inserting wooden panels, etc. in
the hollow spaces. The spacing between studs is kept 50 cm.
TRUSSED PARTITIONS
These partitions are designed on the principle
of truss and are useful where it is possible to
provide supports only. The different
components of this type of partition are: studs,
head, sill, nogging pieces, braces, steel steps
and bolts

TRUSSED PARTITIONS

STRAWBOARD PARTITIONS
They are useful at places where removal of partitions is frequent. They are made
of compressed straw covered with thick paper or hardboard. These partitions are
easy to construct. They are also heat and sound-proof partitions.
GLASS BLOCK PARTITIONS
They provide good aesthetics and allow light. They are
damp, sound and heat-proof. They are easy to clean and
maintain. They can be made of different thicknesses and
sizes. Glass is used either in the form of sheets or hollow
blocks. Glass sheets are fixed in timber frame by applying
putty, i.e. a mixture of linseed oil and whiting chalk. The GLASS BLOCK PARTITION.
glass sheets can be of different colours. They can be
made of special type of glass sheets such as wired glass,
bullet-proof glass, three-ply glass, etc. The hollow glass
blocks are used without-any timber framework up to a
panel area of 11m2. A special arrangement for the
expansion of hollow blocks is made. Sometimes they are
provided with projections grooves, etc. for forming rigid
joints.
PLASTER SLAB PARTITIONS
These partitions are made of burnt gypsum or plaster of Paris mixed with sawdust or
some fibrous material. The 5 cm to 10 cm thick slabs are prepared in iron or timber
moulds in lengths varying from one to two metres and heights of 30 cm. These slabs
can be cast as hollow slabs to make them light in weight. Polish metal moulds are
used to obtain better finish of
plaster slabs. Rough slabs should be finished with single coat plaster. In order to form
rigid joints suitable grooves are provided in the plaster slabs. Nails and screws can be
easily driven into these slabs.
METAL PARTITONS
These partitions are light in weight, fireproof and strong. They are easy to
construct and shift. Mild steel and bronze are generally used for metal
partitions. Sheets of mild steel or bronze are fixed into the panels formed by
vertical posts of mild steel. Insulated material is filled into the hollow spaces.
Partitions can also be formed out of metal lathes supported and fixed
bywires with 9 mm to 12 mm diameter steel rods or steel channels. These
partitions are about 5 cm in thickness after plastering. Some- times, in order
to make steel sheets more stiff hyrib in the form of projecting ribs and
perforations are made. These partitions are used for office and industrial
buildings.
METAL PARTITONS
These partitions are light inweight, fireproof and
strong. They are easy to construct and shift. Mild
steel and bronze aregenerally used for metal
partitions. Sheets of mild steel or bronze are
fixed into the panels formed by vertical posts of
mild steel.

ASBESTOS CEMENT PARTITIONS

They are light in weight, impervious, durable,
water tight and fire-proof. These partitions are
made of asbestos cement sheets and fixed into
the timber frame- work. The asbestos cement
sheets are made of 1 cm thick comprising of two
sheets with an innercorrugated sheet of 5 mm in
thickness. These sheets are placed in position
and joined by cement mortar.
MDF
Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is an engineered wood
product made by breaking down hardwood or softwood
residuals into wood fibres, often in a defibrator, combining it
with wax and a resin binder, and forming it into panels by
applying high temperature and pressure.[1] MDF is generally
denser than plywood. It is made up of separated fibres but
can be used as a building material similar in application to
plywood. It is stronger and denser than particle board.
HDF
HDF (High Density Fibreboard/Hardboard) is a very thin
board, with a typical thickness of 3mm-8mm, and is also
often supplied perforated, meaning it is completely
inappropriate as a substrate for creating interior mouldings.
You may have seen HDF in your home as it is also commonly
used as backing panels for furniture- if so you will
understand how unsuited this material is for creating
skirting boards and architrave.
PARTICLE BOARD
Particle board is made by compressing wood chips with glue.
In flat-pressed particle board, the chips are mainly parallel to
the surface. The chips in the surface layer are thinner than
those in the middle layer, so the surface of the particle
board is denser and more compact than the middle.
PARTICLE BOARD WITH TIMBER FINISH
Particle board with a timber finish is a
composition board made of very small pieces of
wood bond together laminated with the thin
shiny timber.

STRAW BOARD
Oriented structural straw board (OSSB) is an
engineered board that is made by splitting straw
and formed by adding formaldehyde-free
adhesives and then hot compressing layers of
straw in specific orientations.

GYPSUM BOARD
wallboard with a gypsum plaster core bonded to
layers of paper or fiberboard; used instead of
plaster or wallboard to make interior walls.
synonyms: plasterboard. types: Sheetrock. a kind
of plasterboard.
TIMBER BOARD
a piece of wood sawed thin, and of considerable
length and breadth compared with the thickness.
a flat slab of timber or other material for some
specific purpose: a cutting board. a sheet of
wood, cardboard, paper, etc., with or without
markings, for some special use, as a
checkerboard or chessboard.

HOLLOW CLAY BOARD

Hollow Bricks can be defined as the block with
one or more than one hole of cavities passing
through the block having 50 to 75 percent of
solid material of its total volume calculated from
the overall dimension.
THANKYOU