Made by Sobia Ali

(20201-28924)
Okumura & Hatta
Model
  The Okumura model is a radio propagation model that was
built using the data collected in the city of Tokyo, Japan.

 The model is ideal for using in cities with many urban

structures but not many tall blocking structures. The model
served as a base for the Hatta model.
Okumura Model
(Introduction)  Okumura model was built into three modes; the ones for
urban, suburban and open areas.

 The model for urban areas was built first and used as the base
for others.
  It is applicable for:
1. Frequency f: 150 MHz to 1920 MHz (it is typically extrapolated
up to 3000 MHz).
2. Distance d: 1 km to 100 km.
3. Transmit antenna effective height : 30 m to 1000 m and Mobile
Antenna height 1 m to 10 m.

Okumura Model  Technique:

(Coverage) 1. Find free space path loss, LF (using equation).
2. Determine median attenuation relative to free space Amu(f, d)
(from curves).
3. Add correction gain factors for transmitter and receiver antenna
heights (from curves or using their equations) and area gain
factor (from curves).
 L = Path Loss = FPL + A(f,d) - G(hte) - G(hre) - G(Area)
 
Where :

Okumura Model FPL = Free Space Path Loss in decibel (db).

(Mathematical (f, d) : the median attenuation relative to free space additional losses in
db.
Formulation) 𝑮 (𝒉𝒕𝒆) = the base station antenna height gain factor in db.

𝑮 (𝒉𝒓𝒆) = the mobile antenna height gain factor in db.

𝑮 (𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑨) = the gain due to the type of terrain in db.

  Okumura's model is among the simplest and best in terms of
accuracy in path loss prediction for mature cellular and land
mobile radio systems in cluttered environments.
 It is widely used for signal prediction in urban areas.

Okumura Model  It is based on extensive measurements.

 It is very practical and has become a standard for system planning
(Points To Note) in modern land mobile radio systems in Japan.
 The major disadvantage with the model is its slow response to
rapid changes in terrain therefore the model is good in urban and
suburban areas, but not as good in rural areas.
 Common standard deviations between predicted and measured
path loss values are around 10 dB to 14 db.
  The term Hatta Model refers to a radio propagation model
that is based on the Okumura Model.
 It is turn has developed separate models for varying
Hatta Model environments:

(Introduction) 1. Hatta Model for Urban Areas

2. Hatta Model for Suburban Areas
3. Hatta Model for Open Areas
 Hatta Model For Urban Area

 The Hatta model for urban areas, also known as  COVERAGE :

the Okumura–Hatta model for being a
developed version of the Okumura model.
 It is the most widely used radio frequency  Frequency: 150–1500 MHz
propagation model for predicting the behavior
of cellular transmissions in built up areas.
 This model incorporates the graphical  Mobile Station Antenna Height: 1–10 m
information from Okumura model and develops
it further to realize the effects of diffraction,
reflection and scattering caused by city  Base station Antenna Height: 30–200 m
structures.
 Hatta Model predicts the total path loss along a
link of terrestrial microwave or other type of  Link distance: 1–10 km
cellular communications.
  For Urban Area:
Lu= 69.55+26.16 log10 f -13.82 log10 hB - CH+ [44.9-6.55 log10 hB] log10 d

 For small or medium sized city:

CH= 0.8 + (1.1 log10 f -0.7) hM -1.56 log10 f

 For large citiies:

  = 8.29 ( log10 (1.54  h M ))2  −1.1,  if  150 ≤   f  ≤ 200  

Equation 𝐶𝐻
{
3.2 ( log  10(11.75  h M )) 2  −4.97,  if  200 ≤   f  ≤ 1500  

Where, Lu= path loss in urban area

hB= height of base station antenna
f= frequency of transmission
d= distance btw base station & mobile station
CH= antenna height correction factor
hM= height of mobile station antenna
  It is the most widely used model in radio frequency propagation for
predicting the behavior of cellular transmissions in city outskirts and other
rural areas.
 This model incorporates the graphical information from Okumura model
and develops it further to better suit the need.
Hatta Model For  This model predicts the total path loss along a link of terrestrial

Suburban Area microwave or other type of cellular communications & is a function of

transmission frequency and the average path loss in urban areas.

 Coverage:
 Frequency: 150 MHz – 1.50 GHz.
 For Suburban Area:
Lsu= Lu -2(log10 f/28)2 -5.4

Equation Lsu= path loss in suburban area

Lu= average path loss in urban area for small sized city
f= frequency of transmission
  It is the most widely used model for predicting the behavior of cellular
radio transmissions in open areas.
 It further exploits the graphical information from the Okumura model.
 Two additional varieties for transmission are urban areas and suburban
areas.
Hatta Model For  The Hatta model for open areas predicts the total path loss along a link of
terrestrial microwave or other type of cellular communications.
Open Area  It is a function of transmission frequency and the median path loss in
urban areas.

 Coverage:
 Frequency: 150 MHz – 1.50 GHz.
  For Open surface:
Lo = Lu – 4.78 (log10 f)2 +18.33 log10 f – 40.94

Equation Where, Lo = path loss in open area

Lu = path loss in urban areas for small sized city
f = frequency of transmission
THANK YOU!!