LEARNING

TARGETS

 differentiate DNA from RNA;

 illustrate the molecular structure of DNA and
RNA; and
 discuss the applications of recombinant DNA
 SPIRITUAL
ENHANCEMENT

 The bible reflection is taken from

Romans 12:6
 “ Since we have gifts that differ according to the
grace given to us, each of us is to exercise them
accordingly: if prophecy, according to the
proportion of his faith.”
 COOLING DOWN

 The values for this week is: Contentment

 “Be thankful for what you have; you'll end up having more. If
you concentrate on what you don't have, you will never, ever
have enough.” — Oprah Winfrey
 “Because one believes in oneself, one doesn't try to convince
others. Because one is content with oneself, one doesn't need
others' approval. Because one accepts oneself, the whole
world accepts him or her.” – Lao Tzu
 DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

 is the hereditary material found

in the nucleus in humans and
almost all other organisms.
 First determined by Francis
Crick and James Watson (1869).
 Blueprint of Life.
 DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

 Paternity Testing
 Human Identification
 Genetic Testing
 Molecular Structure of DNA

 DNA is one type of nucleic acid

made up of nucleotide and is
composed of deoxyribose (5-
carbon sugar), a phosphate group
and nitrogenous bases.
What is a Nucleotide?
 Two types of Nitrogenous Bases

 Adenine Purines
Their bases have double
 Guanine carbon rings
 Thymine Pyrimidines
Their bases have single
 Cytosine carbon rings
 Molecular Structure of DNA

 DNA is a double-stranded
molecule.
 DNA can be stretched up to 2
meters.
 DNA
Base Sequence

 Nitrogenous bases pairs

between a purine and
pyrimidine.
 DNA
Base Sequence

 Adenine = Thymine
 Guanine = Cytosine
 DNA
Base Sequence
 Purines and pyrimidines form a
complementary base pair.
 The double-helix DNA strand is
expected to have the same
purines and pyrimidines ratios.
 Chargaff’s Rule.
 Molecular Structure of RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid)

 Similar to DNA, it is composed

of nitrogenous bases, five-carbon
sugar, and a phosphate group.
 However, the five-carbon sugar
is not deoxyribose, but ribose.
 Molecular Structure of RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid)

 One of the nucleotide in RNA is

different from DNA.
 Instead of thymine, adenine
pairs with Uracil.
 RNA
Base Sequence

 Adenine = Uracil
 Guanine = Cytosine
 Molecular Structure of RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid)

 Main function of RNA is protein

synthesis.
 Found in the nucleolus of the
cell
 mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
 Recombinant DNA

 Recombinant DNA is the method of

joining two or more DNA molecules
to create a hybrid.
 Use in the production of therapeutic
drugs, vaccines, treatment for
hemophilia, interferons.
Recombinant DNA
 Applications of Recombinant DNA

 Use in the
production of
therapeutic
drugs
 Applications of Recombinant DNA

 Use in the
production of
vaccines
 Applications of Recombinant DNA

 Use in the
production of
interferons.
 Applications of Recombinant DNA

 Use in the
production of
factor VIII and
IX, a treatment
for hemophilia.
 Safety Issues in Recombinant DNA
Technology
 “Gene pollution”
of the environment
resulting in
“superweeds,”
antibiotic-resistant
microbes
 Safety Issues in Recombinant DNA
Technology
 Health
effects of
foods from
GMOs
 Safety Issues in Recombinant DNA
Technology
 Allergenicity or
adverse immune
reactions/effectivenes
s of pharmaceutical
compounds.
 The question is. . .

Yes to recombinant DNA?

No to recombinant DNA?
THANK YOU SO
MUCH FOR
LISTENING
Genetic Engineering
 A process by which a genome is
deliberately modified with the
intent of changing its phenotype.
Genetic Engineering
 An individual whose genome has
been engineered is a Genetically
modified Organism (GMO)
Genetic Engineering
 Recombinant DNA technology is
a popular genetic engineering
process.
 DNA that contains genes for a
particular protein is used and then
recombined with plasmid.
Genetic Engineering
 If scientist can alter the DNA,
they insert the desired genes into
another organism.
 They modify bacteria to cause
them to produce more desired
yield.
Examples of GMO
Examples of GMO
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LISTENING