GROUP 3

Jonathan A. Abrigo Jr.

Joven P. Asegurado
Alger Mataragnon
Elsie L. Glorioso
Genevie Marqueses
 SOW CALENDAR
Breeding to Farrowing
 SOW CALENDAR
Breeding to Farrowing
Activities

DAB - 0 Date of Breeding

DAB - 21 First Heat Control
DAB - 42 Second Heat Control
DAB - 87 Increase Feed Intake
DAB - 90 First Deworming & Damaging

DAB - 100 Second Deworming and Damaging

Transfer to Farrowing Pen
Hog Cholera Vaccination

DAB - 111 Decrease Feed Intake

DAB - 114 Expected Date of Delivery
Zero Feed Intake on Sow
 DAB – 0
Date of Breeding
 DAB-0: Date of Breeding
- Is the day of breeding/mating of the
selected pair of pigs through natural
propagation or artificial insemination.

• Breeding - is the process of

selective mating of animals with
desirable genetic traits, to maintain
or enhance these traits in future
generations. The genetics of
a pig plays an important role in its
performance and meat quality.
 DAB-0: Date of Breeding
- Keeping a record of the date when breeding takes place will help you keep track of:

 The possible date when the sows is due to give birth (If the breeding is
successful)

 The date when it will be in heat and is possible for rebreeding (when
breeding is not successful)

You can make use of either:

1. computer action lists
2. wall chart
3. sow calendar (for those manually recording)
 DAB – 21
First Heat Control
 DAB-21: First Heat Control

- Possibly pregnant or not

- 30 % chance sow is pregnant
- return service
- The expected return date is 21 days after
mating but can occur from day 18 to day 24.
- Sows should be checked daily during this
period.
- Review the signs and symptoms of Estrus
- Observe the early signs of pregnancy
 DAB-21: First Heat Control

How to check for sow pregnancy?

Detection of Estrus (Heat)

Observation of physiological and
behavioral signs of estrus after breeding is
the most common method used
for pregnancy diagnosis. If a sow or gilt be
comes pregnant after breeding, the
production of a hormone called
progesterone is maintained until farrowing.
 DAB-21: First Heat Control

How to check for sow pregnancy?

Detection of Estrus (Heat) Observation of physiological and behavioral signs of

estrus after breeding is the most common method used
for pregnancy diagnosis. If a sow or gilt becomes pregnant after breeding, the
production of a hormone called progesterone is maintained until farrowing.

Returns for service should be checked using the back pressure and/or boar test.
Checking of progesterone level.
High progesterone = higher possibility of pregnancy
Low Progesterone = lower possibility of pregnancy
 DAB-21: First Heat Control

Other Methods:
1. Records
2. Ultrasound Hormone injection
3. External signs
4. Blood and urine examination
5. Scanner
 DAB – 42
Second Heat Control
 DAB-42: 2nd Heat Control

- The second heat control checks if the sow returns to heat or not.

- Heat detection can be done on the 36th day up to the 48th day
after breeding.

- At this stage it is assured that the sow is pregnant if it does not

return to heat.
 DAB-42: 2nd Heat Control

 Possibly pregnant or not

 60% chance sow is pregnant
 Return service

Again:
Sows should be checked daily during this period.
Review the signs and symptoms of Estrus
Observe the early signs of pregnancy
 DAB – 87
Increase Feed Intake
 DAB-87: Increase Feed Intake

Increase feed intake amount to be given to the

sow due to the following reasons:

- Fetal development
- Body reserve for the lactation period

Provide pregnant sows/gilts additional

nutrients to allow about 25kg maternal weight gain
and 20kg conception products for normal
reproduction.
Maintenance requirement increases with
increasing body weight of sows; however, it is not
affected by the gestation weight gain of 45kg.
 DAB-87: Increase Feed Intake
To control weight gain during gestation (pregnancy), adopt the following
measures:

Limit energy intake of the sow/gilt only to cover requirements for its
maintenance, and deposition of protein and fat in the maternal tissue and
conceptus.

Limit feeding to allow maximum efficiency of pregnant gilts and sows. Fibrous,
bulky diets keep them from becoming too fat and prevent constipation. Bulky
diets or rations should be fed a few days before expected farrowing to prevent
constipation. Soilage and drinking water also minimize constipation.

Adding fat to the sow’s diet before expected farrowing increases the fat content
of colostrum and milk, and improves the baby pig’s survival.
 DAB-87: Increase Feed Intake

While a pregnant sow uses feed more efficiently than a

dry sow, the actual feeding program employed not only affects
her performance in that particular pregnancy, but, more
importantly, it affects her future performance as a breeder.
Feeding rates are determined by body weight, sow condition,
stage of pregnancy, housing and temperature.
DAB – 90 First Deworming
and Damaging
DAB-90: First Deworming and Damaging

Why is there a need to deworm?

- To kill the external and internal parasites that are living in the
sow/gilts body.
• Ectoparasites are organisms that live on the skin of a host, from
which they derive their sustenance
• Endoparasites are parasites that live in the tissues and organs of their
hosts, such as tapeworms, flukes, and protozoans of vertebrates.

This may be done by: sprays, food/water soluble or injection.

 DAB – 100
2nd Deworming & Damaging
Transfer to Farrowing Pen , Hog
Cholera Vaccination
 DAB-100: 2nd Deworming & Damaging

This practice is very essential for the health of both

the sow and piglets. Application may either be through
in-feed medication, which is more economical, or
injection.

Why do a follow-up treatment?

- To kill the remaining eggs of the endo and
ectoparasites which are still on the body of the sow.
DAB-100: First Deworming and Damaging

On this day, the pregnant sow/gilt must be transferred to the

farrowing pen for it to be acclimatized to the new pen and
environment and is given vaccine shot for cholera.

Vaccination provides immunity against harmful diseases. It uses

the body’s natural defences to build resistance to specific infections
and makes the immune system stronger.

Cholera - is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of

food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholera.
 DAB – 111
Decrease Feed Intake
 DAB – 111: Decrease Feed Intake

Why decrease feed intake?

To avoid enlargement of the

baby which may cause
difficulty during farrowing.
To avoid over production of
milk
DAB 114 Expected Date of
Delivery
Zero Feed Intake on Sow
DAB – 114: Expected Date of Delivery, Zero
Feed Intake on Sow
Signs of Farrowing:
• Biting hurdles and guard nails
• Sows assume “dog sitting” position
• Prominent distention and enlargement of the udder
• Enlargement and swelling of vulva
• Frequent urination
• Milk let down
• Mucous discharge with meconium
 DAB – 114: Expected Date of Delivery, Zero
Feed Intake on Sow

Why sow/gilt should not be fed on

the day of its farrowing?
To avoid constipation and difficulty
in farrowing.
 Energy needed by the sow will be
used exclusively for farrowing only.
To avoid over production of milk
which may cause mastitis.
DAB – 114: Expected Date of Delivery, Zero
Feed Intake on Sow

Farrowing Materials & Supply:

• Old news paper
• Brooders
• Three (3) 50 watt incandescent bulb
• Tooth clipper
• Mild antiseptic
• Tattooing materials
DAB – 114: Expected Date of Delivery, Zero
Feed Intake on Sow
Farrowing Problems:
• Abnormal vaginal discharge
• Mastitis
• Agalactia
• Dystocia
• Piglets crushing
• Cannibalism
• Weak
DAB – 114: Expected Date of Delivery, Zero
Feed Intake on Sow

Care of the Sow and Litter at Farrowing:

• Watch out for the signs of approaching farrowing.

• Do not feed the sow if farrowing signs are observed.
• When the teats are stripped and milk comes out, the sow will
farrow within 24 hours.
 DAB – 114: Expected Date of Delivery, Zero
Feed Intake on Sow
• Make sure proper equipment and materials are available before each
farrowing. The needed materials or equipment are available and properly
disinfected before each farrowing. The needed materials and equipment
include

Clean dry cloth

Needle teeth cutter
Forceps
Surgical scissiors
Clean suture or knitting thread
Brooder with infrared lamp of 100 watt bulb
Iodine